General Physics 1 Final Exam Flashcards
an object is moving in the negative direction and has a negative acceleration.
the velocity of the object is __________.
negative
an object is moving in the negative direction and has a negative acceleration.
the speed of the object is __________.
increasing
an object is moving in the positive direction and has a negative acceleration.
the velocity of the object is __________.
positive
an object is moving in the positive direction and has a negative acceleration.
the speed of the object is ___________.
decreasing
true or false: no net forces are acting on the car during interval B
true
true or false: net forces act on the car during intervals A and B
true
the magnitude of the net force acting during internal A is ___ during C
greater than
true or false: opposing forces act on the car during interval B
true
true or false: opposing forces act on the car during interval C
true
while suspended in space, an astronaut pushes on a more massive spacecraft.
a. both the spacecraft and astronaut accelerate away with very different accelerations
b. both the spacecraft and the astronaut accelerate away with very similar accelerations
c. only the astronaut accelerates
d. only the spacecraft accelerates
a. both the spacecraft and astronaut accelerate away with very different accelerations
a stone is thrown horizontally off a cliff and hits the ground below. a 2nd stone is dropped from rest off the same cliff, falls from the same height, and hits the ground below.
the displacement of the stones are _________.
different
a stone is thrown horizontally off a cliff and hits the ground below. a 2nd stone is dropped from rest off the same cliff, falls from the same height, and hits the ground below.
the time of flight for the 2 stones are ___________.
the same
a stone is thrown horizontally off a cliff and hits the ground below. a 2nd stone is dropped from rest off the same cliff, falls from the same height, and hits the ground below.
the speed just before impact to the ground are __________.
different
one person throws a baseball up in the air while a second person drops the baseball.
the magnitude of acceleration of the first baseball will be __________ the second baseball.
the same as
one person throws a baseball up in the air while a second person drops the baseball.
the direction of acceleration of the first baseball will be in the __________ direction while the direction of the acceleration of the second baseball will be in the _________ direction.
negative
negative
an object is moving at a constant velocity in the positive x direction.
what cannot be true and why?
a. no forces act on the object in the x direction
b. one force acts on the object in the positive x direction
c. one force acts on the object in the negative x direction
d. 2 forces act on the object in the x direction
e. 3 forces act on the object in the x direction
b. one force acts on the object in the positive x direction - the object would be speeding up
c. one force acts on the object in the negative x direction - the object would be slowing down
in state equilibrium, a block has a weight 10N. in situation a, a force of 7N is applied downward. in situation b, a tension of 2N is applied upward.
what is the magnitude of the normal force the surface applies back on the block in situation a?
17N
in state equilibrium, a block has a weight 10N. in situation a, a force of 7N is applied downward. in situation b, a tension of 2N is applied upward.
what is the magnitude of the normal force the surface applies back on the block in situation b?
8N
in state equilibrium, a block has a weight 10N. in situation a, a force of 7N is applied downward. in situation b, a tension of 2N is applied upward.
if a third force was applied in the x direction, would situation a or b result in a lower force of friction and why?
b would have a lower force of friction because it has a smaller normal force F=µFn
what max height will be reached by an arrow launched straight upward with an initial speed of Vi=35m/s?
63m
a rock is thrown at an angle 30° with an initial speed of 15m/s.
as the rock approaches the highest point, its speed __________.
decreases
a rock is thrown at an angle 30° with an initial speed of 15m/s.
as the rock moves up, the acceleration will point __________.
down
a rock is thrown at an angle 30° with an initial speed of 15m/s.
what is the vertical component of velocity (Vy) when the rock reaches its max height?
0m/s
a rock is thrown at an angle 30° with an initial speed of 15m/s.
what is the horizontal component of velocity (Vx) when the rock reaches its max height?
13m/s
a bobsled track contains 2 turns with radii 33m and 24m and the speed is maintained at 34m/s.
the __________ turn will have a greater centripetal acceleration. explain:
second
ac=v^2/r, so when the same velocity is divided by a smaller radius, the value of the acceleration will be larger
a bobsled track contains 2 turns with radii 33m and 24m and the speed is maintained at 34m/s.
the magnitude of centripetal acceleration of the first turn is:
35m/s
a bobsled track contains 2 turns with radii 33m and 24m and the speed is maintained at 34m/s.
the centripetal acceleration experienced by the bobsled during a banked turn is because of:
FN | FNx | FNy | fk | fkx | fky | Fg | Fgx | Fgy
FNx
fkx
a disk rotates and begins to slow down from 90rad/s clockwise to 30rad/s through an angle of 180rad. point A is on the rim and B is half way to the center.
true or false: both points have the same centripetal acceleration
false
a disk rotates and begins to slow down from 90rad/s clockwise to 30rad/s through an angle of 180rad. point A is on the rim and B is half way to the center.
true or false: both points have the same tangential acceleration
false
a disk rotates and begins to slow down from 90rad/s clockwise to 30rad/s through an angle of 180rad. point A is on the rim and B is half way to the center.
true or false: the angular velocity at point B is greater than at point A
false
a disk rotates and begins to slow down from 90rad/s clockwise to 30rad/s through an angle of 180rad. point A is on the rim and B is half way to the center.
true or false: both points have the same angular velocity
true
a disk rotates and begins to slow down from 90rad/s clockwise to 30rad/s through an angle of 180rad. point A is on the rim and B is half way to the center.
true or false: point A turns through a greater angle than point B
false
a disk rotates and begins to slow down from 90rad/s clockwise to 30rad/s through an angle of 180rad. point A is on the rim and B is half way to the center.
the angular acceleration applied to the disk is in the __________ direction
counter-clockwise
a disk rotates and begins to slow down from 90rad/s clockwise to 30rad/s through an angle of 180rad. point A is on the rim and B is half way to the center.
the magnitude of angular acceleration is:
20rad/s^2
a box is being pulled by a rope across a rough level surface.
what are the conservative forces:
tension
gravity
normal force
friction
none
gravity
a box is being pulled by a rope across a rough level surface.
what are the non-conservative forces:
tension
gravity
normal force
friction
none
tension
normal force
friction
a box is being pulled by a rope across a rough level surface.
what are the forces that do positive work on the box?
tension
gravity
normal force
friction
none
tension
a box is being pulled by a rope across a rough level surface.
what are the forces that do negative work on the box?
tension
gravity
normal force
friction
none
friction
a box is being pulled by a rope across a rough level surface.
what are the forces that do no work on the box?
tension
gravity
normal force
friction
none
gravity
normal force
the total mechanical energy will only be conserved when:
the net work done by nonconservative forces is zero
linear momentum is conserved when the system is __________ and __________ is equal to zero and when ___________ is equal to zero
isolated
external forces
acceleration
a bowling ball and ping-pong ball are rolling towards you with the same momentum and you exert the same force to stop each of them.
it takes ___________ time to stop the bowling ball relative to the ping-pong ball
the same
a 1.0kg ball has a speed of 12m/s downward just before it strikes the ground and bounces up with a velocity of 12m/s upward. what is the change in momentum of the ball?
∆p=pf-pi
0 kg m/s
a 2kg box is sitting at rest when a 20N force is applied. the box immediately starts to move to the right 5m. the force of kinematic friction is 10N.
the work done by the 20N force is ___________ (positive, negative, or zero)
positive
a 2kg box is sitting at rest when a 20N force is applied. the box immediately starts to move to the right 5m. the force of kinematic friction is 10N.
the work done by the kinematic friction is ___________ (positive, negative, or zero)
negative
a 2kg box is sitting at rest when a 20N force is applied. the box immediately starts to move to the right 5m. the force of kinematic friction is 10N.
the work done by the normal force is ___________ (positive, negative, or zero)
zero
a 2kg box is sitting at rest when a 20N force is applied. the box immediately starts to move to the right 5m. the force of kinematic friction is 10N.
what is the total work done on the box as it moves 5m?
36.6J
2 satellites are in orbit moving in a circular path, above Earth’s surface at r=4.23x10^7m. they have an angular separation of θ=2°.
what is the angular separation in radians?
2°=2π/360
0.0349rad
2 satellites are in orbit moving in a circular path, above Earth’s surface at r=4.23x10^7m. they have an angular separation of θ=2°.
the centripetal force(s) experienced by one of the satellites is/are:
fk | FG | Fsatellite + Fg | Fsatellite + FG
FG
2 satellites are in orbit moving in a circular path, above Earth’s surface at r=4.23x10^7m. they have an angular separation of θ=2°.
write an equation for the linear velocity on one of the satellites in terms of the centripetal forces
a ball has a mass of one milligram. to find the mass in grams, what conversion factor would you use?
1g/1000mg
the mathematical relationship between quantities is given as a=b^2/c. if the dimensions of b are [L]/[T] and c are [L], what are the dimensions of a?
[L]/[T]^2
the sides of a pool were measured to calculate an area of 16m^2. what values of width and length were used with proper sig figs?
a. w=8, l=2.0
b. w=4.01, l=4.0
c. w=4.001, l=4.00
d. w=3.20, l=5
c. w=4.001, l=4.00
an object is moving along a straight line and decelerating.
true or false: the value of acceleration is negative
true
an object is moving along a straight line and decelerating.
true or false: director of acceleration is the same direction of displacement
false
an object is moving along a straight line and decelerating.
true or false: the acceleration changes as the object moves along the line
false
an object is moving along a straight line and decelerating.
true or false: the direction of the acceleration is opposite the direction of the velocity
true
an object is moving along a straight line and decelerating.
true or false: an object that is decorating has a negative acceleration
false
a car is moving west wit a speed of 11m/s. 3 seconds later, the car is still moving west but the speed is reduced to 5.0m/s. what is the acceleration?
2m/s^2 east
if the equation x=Vot + 1/2at^2 is used, we can assume
a. a is constant
b. t is constant
c. v is constant
d. Vo and t are constant
a. a is constant
2 objects A and B accelerate from rest with he same constant acceleration. object A accelerates for twice as much time as object B.
true or false: object A travels twice as far as object B
false
2 objects A and B accelerate from rest with he same constant acceleration. object A accelerates for twice as much time as object B.
true or false: object A travels 4x as far as object B
true
2 objects A and B accelerate from rest with he same constant acceleration. object A accelerates for twice as much time as object B.
true or false: object A travels 8x as far as object B
false
2 objects A and B accelerate from rest with he same constant acceleration. object A accelerates for twice as much time as object B.
true or false: object A moves 4x faster than object B
false
a soccer player kicks the ball at an angle θ above the horizontal.
true or false: the acceleration is zero at all times
false
a soccer player kicks the ball at an angle θ above the horizontal.
true or false: the acceleration is 9.81 at all times
true
a soccer player kicks the ball at an angle θ above the horizontal.
true or false: the acceleration is zero at the apex
false
a soccer player kicks the ball at an angle θ above the horizontal.
true or false: the acceleration is negative as the ball falls and positive when it rises
false
a soccer player kicks the ball at an angle θ above the horizontal.
true or false: the acceleration is 9.81 at the apex
true
a baseball is hit and follows a parabolic path before striking the ground?
true or false: the acceleration of the ball decreases as it reaches the apex
false
a baseball is hit and follows a parabolic path before striking the ground?
true or false: the velocity of the ball is zero at the highest point
false - only vertical component
a baseball is hit and follows a parabolic path before striking the ground?
true or false: the acceleration is 9.81 at all points in the trajectory
true
a baseball is hit and follows a parabolic path before striking the ground?
true or false: the x component of velocity is the same throughout its whole path
true
a baseball is hit and follows a parabolic path before striking the ground?
true or false: the velocity of the ball is at a maximum at highest point
false
a ball is shot up in the air with an initial speed of 20m/s. what is the max height the ball will reach?
20.4m
a football is kicked with a speed of 18m/s at θ=65°. how long is the football in the air?
3.3s
a ball is launched at an angle and follows a parabolic trajectory. at what point is the velocity vector changing most rapidly with time?
all points
what is newtons 1st law and any relevant equations?
an object at rest wants to stay at rest and an object in motion wants to stay in motion unless acted upon by an outside force
Fnet = ΣF
what is newtons 2nd law and any relevant equations?
acceleration of a system is directly proportional to and in same direction as net external force and inversely proportional to its mass
F=ma
what is newtons 3rd law and any relevant equations?
for every action, there is a reaction equal in magnitude and opposite in direction
F1on2 = -F2on1
a rock is thrown straight up into the air.
true or false: the net force is equal to the weight of the rock
true
a rock is thrown straight up into the air.
true or false: the net force is instantaneously equal to 0N
false
a rock is thrown straight up into the air.
true or false: the direction of the net forces change from up to down
false
a rock is thrown straight up into the air.
true or false: the weight of the rock is smaller than the net force
false
a rock is thrown straight up into the air.
true or false: the net force is less than the weight but greater than zero
false
a large truck breaks down on the road and receives a push back into town by a small compact car. while the car is accelerating forward to get up to cruising speed,
a. neither the car nor truck exerts any force on the other. the truck is pushed forward simply because it is in the way of the car.
b. the amount of force with which the car pushes on the truck is equal to that with which the truck pushes back on the car.
c. the car’s engine is running so the car pushes against the truck, but the truck’s engine is not running so the truck cannot push back against the car. the truck is pushed forward simply because it is the way of the car.
d. the amount of force with which the car pushes on the truck is greater than that with which the truck pushes back on the car.
e. the amount of force with which the car pushes on the truck is smaller than that with which the truck pushes back on the car
b. the amount of force with which the car pushes on the truck is equal to that with which the truck pushes back on the car.
2 forces act on a 4.5kg block resting on a frictionless surface. what is the magnitude of horizontal acceleration of the block?
1.8m/s^2
true or false: values of g and G depend on location
false
true or false: values of G and g do not depend on location
false
true or false: value of G is the same everywhere in the universe and g is not
true
true or false: value of g is the same everywhere in the universe and G is not
false
a ball moves with a constant speed of 4m/s around a circle with radius r=0.25m. what is the period of motion?
v=2πr/T
T=0.4s
a car is traveling at a constant speed along a road. rank the accelerations from smallest to largest
AB=DE, CD, BC
an 80kg astronaut orbits earth 500,000m above its surface. assuming the Earth’s radius is 6x10^6m and has a mass Mearth=6x10^24kg, what is the speed of the astronaut?
mv^2/r = (G)Mm/r^2
v=7848m/s
an 80kg astronaut orbits earth 500,000m above its surface. assume the Earth’s radius is 6x10^6m and has a mass Mearth=6x10^24kg.
if the astronauts mass is doubled, their orbital velocity would __________
stay the same
an 80kg astronaut orbits earth 500,000m above its surface. assume the Earth’s radius is 6x10^6m and has a mass Mearth=6x10^24kg.
if the mass of the earth was 4x as large, the astronauts orbital velocity would be __________ as fast compared to the less massive earth
double
an 80kg astronaut orbits earth 500,000m above its surface. assume the Earth’s radius is 6x10^6m and has a mass Mearth=6x10^24kg.
the astronaut experiences centripetal force due to ___________ and that force vector is always ___________ to the velocity vector
gravity
perpendicular
a ferris wheel is turning at 0.1rad/s clockwise when the breaks are applied and it experiences an angular acceleration of 0.015rad/s^2. the radius is 38m.
the angular velocity of a point on the edge of the wheel is __________ the angular velocity on a point closer to the center
the same as
a ferris wheel is turning at 0.1rad/s clockwise when the breaks are applied and it experiences an angular acceleration of 0.015rad/s^2. the radius is 38m.
the tangential velocity a point on the edge of the wheel is ___________ the tangential velocity on a point closer to the center
greater than
a ferris wheel is turning at 0.1rad/s clockwise when the breaks are applied and it experiences an angular acceleration of 0.015rad/s^2. the radius is 38m.
the direction of angular acceleration of the wheel is __________
counter clockwise
a ferris wheel is turning at 0.1rad/s clockwise when the breaks are applied and it experiences an angular acceleration of 0.015rad/s^2. the radius is 38m.
what is the magnitude of the angular displacement of the ferris wheel from the time it experiences the angular acceleration to when it comes to rest?
w=wo + αt
t=6.67s
θ=θo + 1/2(wo+w)t
θ=0.33rad
at the moment the breaks are applied, think about the acceleration of a person who is riding the ferris wheel, whose seat is located at the rim of the wheel.
the person __________ experience centripetal acceleration which occurs due to a change in __________ of tangential velocity
will
direction
at the moment the breaks are applied, think about the acceleration of a person who is riding the ferris wheel, whose seat is located at the rim of the wheel.
the person _________ experience tangential acceleration which occurs de to a change in __________ of tangential velocity
will
magnitude
a ferris wheel is turning at 0.1rad/s clockwise when the breaks are applied and it experiences an angular acceleration of 0.015rad/s^2. the radius is 38m.
at the moment the breaks are applied, think about the acceleration of a person who is riding the ferris wheel, whose seat is located at the rim of the wheel.
the acceleration of the person at the point when the breaks are first applied is:
α = at/r
at = 0.57m/s^2
a ferris wheel is turning at 0.1rad/s clockwise when the breaks are applied and it experiences an angular acceleration of 0.015rad/s^2. the radius is 38m.
before the breaks are applied, what is the angular speed in rev/s?
w= (0.1rad/s)1/2π
0.016rev/s
a ferris wheel is turning at 0.1rad/s clockwise when the breaks are applied and it experiences an angular acceleration of 0.015rad/s^2. the radius is 38m.
how many seconds does it take for it to complete one revolution?
w=θ/t
t=θ/w
1rev/0.016rev/s
t=62.83s
true or false: the work done by nonconservative forces depends on the starting and ending points
false
true or false: the work done by conservative forces depends on the path
false
true or false: the net work done by a conservative force moving around a closed path is zero
true
the potential energy is how much stored energy the object possesses due to its ____________
height or position
the kinetic energy is how much energy an object has due to its __________
velocity
a 5kg block is placed 4am above the ground at the top of a ramp. the block is released from rest and has a speed of 5m/s.
the work done by the normal force is __________
zero
a 5kg block is placed 4am above the ground at the top of a ramp. the block is released from rest and has a speed of 5m/s.
the work done by gravity is __________
positive
a 5kg block is placed 4am above the ground at the top of a ramp. the block is released from rest and has a speed of 5m/s.
the work done by kinematic friction is __________
zero
a 5kg block is placed 4am above the ground at the top of a ramp. the block is released from rest and has a speed of 5m/s.
is mechanical energy conserved?
a. yes, since no non-conservative forces are acting.
b. yes, since the total work of non-conservative forces is zero.
c. no, energy is added to the system.
d. no, energy is removed from the system
d. no, energy is removed from the system
a mass oscillates on a spring. in order to increase the frequency of the motion, one would have to __________
decrease the mass of the block on the end of the spring
when a force of 19N is applied to a spring, it elongates by 0.085m. determine the period of oscillation a 4.0kg object would have when vibrating on the spring
0.84s
in simple harmonic motion, the speed is greatest at the point in motion when:
the magnitude of acceleration is at a minimum
a simple pendulum on earth has a period of 6.0s. what is the approximate period of this pendulum on the moon where acceleration due to gravity is roughly 1/6 of earth?
15s
a 10kg block is at rest at the end of an unstretched spring with a hammer, giving it a velocity of 6.0m/s to the right across a frictionless surface. what is the amplitude of the resulting oscillation?
0.3m
if the magnitude of velocity is changing, it is _________ acceleration
tangential
if the direction of velocity is changing, it is __________ acceleration
centripetal
a force is conservative when the work done on a moving object is __________ of path taken and does __________ net work on the moving object
independent
no
gravity is a __________ force
conservative
the path of travel does not matter for __________ forces
conservative
friction is a __________ force
nonconservative
tension is a ___________ force
nonconservative
the pulling or pushing force is a ____________ force
nonconservative
the normal force is a ____________ force
nonconservative
a force is nonconservative when the work is __________ of the path taken and does __________ net work
dependent
does do
a 0.20kg firework is launched from rest and follows a path to reach 29m above the starting point. 425J of work is done by the rocket by nonconservative forces. what is the velocity?
61m/s
linear momentum:
p=mv
Fnet=∆p/∆t
a baseball with mass m=0.14kg has vo=-38m/s as it approaches the bat. the bat applies a force larger than the weight of the ball. the ball departs with a vf=58m/s.
what is the impulse/momentum applied to the ball?
if ∆t=1.6x10^-3s, find the average external net force on the ball
p=m(∆v)
p=13.4kg m/s
Fnet=∆p/∆t
Fnet=8400N
when linear momentum is conserved:
m1v1f+m2v2f = m1v1m2v2o
∆p=pf-pi=0
in an isolated system, net external forces =
0
from rest, 2 skaters push off from one another. m1=54kg and m2=88kg. person 1 moves away with v1f=2.5m/. find recoil velocity of person 2
m1v1f+m2v2f = m1v1m2v2o
v2f=-1.5m/s
an __________ collisions, it conserves total momentum and internal kinetic energy
objects collide and bounce back
∆K=Kf-Ki=0
∆E=Ef-Ei=0
elastic
a cue ball and 8 ball undergo an elastic collision. calculate the velocity of the 8ball where v1o=1.0m/s and m=0.16kg.
1m/s
an __________ collision occurs when internal kinetic energy changes (not conserved)
po=pf
objects stick together
inelastic
2 cart collide inelastically. the mass of the cart 1 and spring m1=0.35kg and v1o=2.0m/s. cart 2 has mass m2=0.50kg and v2o=-0.50m/s. after the collision, cart 1 has a v1f=-0.4m/s.
what is the final velocity of cart2?
how much energy was released by the spring?
a restoring force has a magnitude that is __________ to displacement and direction opposite of __________
proportional
displacement
hooke’s law:
F=-kx
larger the force constant (k), __________ the restoring force and __________ the system
greater
stiffer
what is elastic potential energy?
when a spring is stretched or compressed
PEel=1/2kx^2
spring force is a ________ force
conservative
elastic energy is at a ___________ when a spring is fully compressed
maximum
elastic energy is at _________ when a spring is at equilibrium
zero
elastic energy is at a __________ when a spring is fully stretched
maximum
how much energy is stored in a spring with a force constant 50.0N/m and compressed 0.150m?
what speed will a 2.0kg projectile be ejected?
a mass m=0.25kg at the end of a horizontal spring is oscillating with A=1.5cm and f=0.25Hz. what is k?
a transverse disturbance is __________ to the traveling direction of the wave
perpendicular
a longitudinal disturbance is ___________ to the traveling direction of the wave
parallel
calculate the speed of an ocean wave if distance between wave crests is 10m and time for a seagull to bob up and down is 5s
2m/s
