General Pharmcology, Drug Admin, and Calculations Flashcards
Unit 2 of 7
1
Q
Contraindications
A
Specific situation where a drug isn’t to be used
2
Q
Drug Regimen
A
Plan that includes a specific drug, route, dosage, frequency, duration,
3
Q
Pharmacokinetics
A
Action of the body on an administered drug or its movement through the body (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination)
4
Q
Pharmacodynamics
A
The action of a drug on the body and the mechanism of action
5
Q
Bioavailability
A
The degree to which a drug is abosorbed into the body and available at the site of action
6
Q
Blood-brain barrier
A
The barrier formed by capillaries that prevents certain substances from entering the brain from the blood
7
Q
Frick Speculum
A
An instrument used in cattle through which an orogastric tube is passed
8
Q
Controlled substance
A
Drugs that have the potential for abuse or dependance in humans
9
Q
Conversion Factor
A
A numerical value that relates one unit of measure to another
10
Q
Apothecary System
A
An older, rarely used system for volume and weight measurement in pharmacy
11
Q
Concentration
A
The amount of solute dissolved in a solvent (strength of a drug or substance)
12
Q
Milliequivalent
A
A unit of measure that expresses the combining power of a substance; often used for electrolytes
13
Q
Cerumen
A
Oily exudate found in the ear canal
14
Q
Counterirritant
A
Medicinal preparation that relieves pain
15
Q
Elixir
A
Hydroalcoholic liquid that contains sweeteners, flavoring, and a medicinal agent
16
Q
Emulsion
A
Oily substances dispersed in an aqueous medium with an additive that stabilizes the mixture
17
Q
Enteric coating
A
Acid resistant coating
18
Q
IV Bolus
A
19
Q
IV Infusion
A
20
Q
Liniment
A
Medicinal preparations for use on the skin
21
Q
Ointment
A
Semisolid preparation of oil and water plus a medicinal agent
22
Q
Parenteral administration
A
23
Q
Suspension
A
Preparation that separates after long periods of shelf life and must be shaken well before used for uniform dose
24
Q
What is the primary focus of veterinary pharmacology?
A
The study of drugs and their effects on animals.
25
True or False: Veterinary pharmacology only involves the use of medications in large animals.
False
26
Fill in the blank: The __________ of a drug refers to its ability to produce a desired effect.
efficacy
27
What is the term for the study of how drugs move through the body?
pharmacokinetics
28
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a route of drug administration?
A) Oral
B) Intravenous
C) Subcutaneous
D) Lateral
D) Lateral
29
What is the term for the unwanted effects of a drug?
adverse effects
30
True or False: All drugs used in veterinary medicine are approved for use in humans.
False
31
What is meant by the term 'half-life' of a drug?
The time it takes for the concentration of the drug in the blood to reduce by half.
32
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the amount of a drug required to produce a therapeutic effect.
dose
33
Multiple Choice: Which class of drugs is commonly used as analgesics in veterinary medicine?
A) Antibiotics
B) NSAIDs
C) Antihistamines
D) Vaccines
B) NSAIDs
34
What is the significance of the therapeutic index?
It indicates the safety margin of a drug; a higher index means a safer drug.
35
True or False: Antibiotics are effective against viral infections.
False
36
What is the primary mechanism of action for beta-lactam antibiotics?
Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis.
37
Fill in the blank: Veterinary __________ are used to prevent and treat infections in animals.
antibiotics
38
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common side effect of corticosteroids?
A) Diarrhea
B) Increased thirst
C) Drowsiness
D) Vomiting
B) Increased thirst
39
What is the term for the process of drug absorption into the bloodstream?
bioavailability
40
True or False: The FDA regulates veterinary drugs in the same way as human drugs.
True
41
What is the role of pharmacodynamics in veterinary pharmacology?
It studies the effects of drugs on the body and their mechanisms of action.
42
Fill in the blank: The __________ system is responsible for metabolizing drugs in the body.
liver
43
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common veterinary anesthetic?
A) Aspirin
B) Isoflurane
C) Penicillin
D) Metronidazole
B) Isoflurane
44
What is the purpose of using vaccines in veterinary medicine?
To stimulate the immune system to protect against specific diseases.
45
True or False: All medications must be prescribed by a licensed veterinarian.
True
46
What is the function of NSAIDs in veterinary medicine?
To reduce inflammation and relieve pain.
47
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the study of the effects of drugs on living organisms.
pharmacology
48
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of a controlled substance in veterinary medicine?
A) Amoxicillin
B) Morphine
C) Ibuprofen
D) Dexamethasone
B) Morphine
49
What does the term 'off-label use' mean in veterinary pharmacology?
Using a drug in a manner not specified in the FDA-approved labeling.
50
51
What is veterinary pharmacology?
The study of drugs and their effects on animals.
52
True or False: Veterinary pharmacology only focuses on the treatment of pets.
False
53
Fill in the blank: The primary regulatory body for veterinary drugs in the United States is the _____ .
FDA (Food and Drug Administration)
54
What are the four phases of pharmacokinetics?
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion.
55
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a common route of drug administration in veterinary medicine? A) Oral B) Intravenous C) Transdermal D) Subcutaneous E) Inhalation F) Rectal G) Topical
None; all are common routes.
56
What is the term for the study of how drugs affect living organisms?
Pharmacodynamics.
57
True or False: The half-life of a drug is the time it takes for the concentration of the drug in the bloodstream to reduce by half.
True
58
Fill in the blank: The term 'off-label use' refers to using a drug for a purpose not explicitly approved by the _____ .
FDA
59
What is a controlled substance?
A drug that is regulated by law due to its potential for abuse.
60
Multiple Choice: Which class of drugs is primarily used for pain relief in animals? A) Antibiotics B) Analgesics C) Antipyretics D) Antidepressants
B) Analgesics
61
What is the primary purpose of antibiotics?
To treat bacterial infections.
62
True or False: All antibiotics are effective against viral infections.
False
63
Fill in the blank: The term 'bioavailability' refers to the fraction of an administered drug that reaches the _____ .
systemic circulation
64
What does the term 'therapeutic index' refer to?
The ratio between the toxic dose and the therapeutic dose of a drug.
65
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)? A) Aspirin B) Amoxicillin C) Prednisone D) Insulin
A) Aspirin
66
What is pharmacovigilance?
The science of monitoring the effects of drugs after they have been released on the market.
67
True or False: Adverse drug reactions are always predictable.
False
68
Fill in the blank: The 'first pass effect' refers to the metabolism of a drug by the _____ before it reaches systemic circulation.
liver
69
What is the role of a veterinarian in pharmacology?
To prescribe and manage medications for animal patients.
70
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common side effect of corticosteroids? A) Weight loss B) Increased thirst C) Hair loss D) Diarrhea
B) Increased thirst
71
What is an antagonist in pharmacology?
A substance that blocks or reduces the effects of a drug.
72
True or False: All drugs have both therapeutic and toxic effects.
True
73
Fill in the blank: The study of drug interactions is essential to avoid _____ in veterinary medicine.
adverse effects
74
What is the primary route of drug elimination from the body?
Renal (through the kidneys).
75
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common veterinary anesthetic? A) Ketamine B) Penicillin C) Metronidazole D) Phenobarbital
A) Ketamine
76
What is the significance of a drug's solubility?
It affects the drug's absorption and distribution in the body.
77
True or False: Injectable medications can only be administered intravenously.
False
78
Fill in the blank: The pharmacokinetics of a drug can be affected by the animal's _____ .
age, weight, health status
79
What is a loading dose?
An initial higher dose of a drug given to quickly achieve therapeutic levels.
80
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of a broad-spectrum antibiotic? A) Penicillin B) Tetracycline C) Vancomycin D) Clindamycin
B) Tetracycline
81
What is the purpose of a drug formulary?
To provide a comprehensive list of medications available for use in veterinary practice.
82
True or False: Dosage forms include tablets, injections, and topical applications.
True
83
Fill in the blank: The term 'pharmacogenomics' studies how an individual's _____ affects their response to drugs.
genetics
84
What is the function of a drug receptor?
To bind with a drug to initiate a biological response.
85
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects drug absorption? A) pH B) Blood flow C) Drug form D) Time of day
D) Time of day
86
What is an overdose?
The administration of a drug in an amount greater than the recommended dose.
87
True or False: All veterinary drugs require a prescription.
False
88
Fill in the blank: The _____ effect refers to the increased effect of a drug when used in combination with another drug.
synergistic
89
What is the primary concern when using anesthetics?
To ensure the safety and stability of the animal during the procedure.
90
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common side effect of antibiotics? A) Nausea B) Sleepiness C) Increased appetite D) Hair growth
A) Nausea
91
What does 'labeling' mean in the context of veterinary drugs?
The information provided on the drug's packaging and instructions for use.
92
True or False: Veterinary drugs can be repurposed for human use without any restrictions.
False
93
Fill in the blank: The term 'antiseptic' refers to a substance that prevents the growth of _____ on living tissue.
microorganisms
94
What is the role of pharmacokinetics in veterinary medicine?
To understand how drugs move through the body and their effects over time.
95
Multiple Choice: Which class of drugs is used to treat anxiety in animals? A) Anticonvulsants B) Antidepressants C) Anxiolytics D) Antihistamines
C) Anxiolytics
96
What is a side effect?
An unintended effect of a drug that occurs in addition to the desired therapeutic effect.
97
True or False: All side effects are harmful.
False
98
Fill in the blank: The process of drug _____ is essential for understanding how drugs interact with the body.
metabolism
99
What is the term for the study of how drugs are used in different species?
Comparative pharmacology.
100
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common veterinary analgesic? A) Ibuprofen B) Morphine C) Amoxicillin D) Trazodone
B) Morphine
101
What is a veterinary compounding pharmacy?
A pharmacy that prepares personalized medications for animals.
102
True or False: All veterinary drugs are tested for efficacy and safety before approval.
True
103
Fill in the blank: The _____ route of administration is often used for rapid drug action.
intravenous
104
What is the significance of drug expiration dates?
To ensure the safety and efficacy of the drug.
105
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common adverse effect of steroids? A) Weight gain B) Increased urination C) Vomiting D) All of the above
D) All of the above
106
What does 'therapeutic range' mean?
The concentration range of a drug that produces the desired effect without toxicity.
107
True or False: The withdrawal period is the time after drug administration during which the animal's products should not be consumed.
True
108
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the most common site for drug absorption in the body.
small intestine
109
What is the purpose of a drug interaction study?
To determine how different drugs affect each other's efficacy and safety.
110
Multiple Choice: Which of the following drugs is used to treat parasitic infections in animals? A) Benzodiazepines B) Anthelmintics C) Antivirals D) Antidepressants
B) Anthelmintics
111
What is the primary function of vaccines?
To stimulate the immune system to protect against specific diseases.
112
True or False: Vaccines can only be administered once in an animal's lifetime.
False
113
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the measure of a drug's effectiveness in achieving its intended effect.
potency
114
What is the role of the veterinarian in drug management?
To ensure safe and effective use of medications in animal patients.
115
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common veterinary antibiotic? A) Cephalexin B) Diphenhydramine C) Phenobarbital D) Meloxicam
A) Cephalexin
116
What is the significance of patient history in pharmacology?
To identify potential drug interactions and contraindications.
117
True or False: Drug formulations can influence the rate of absorption.
True
118
Fill in the blank: The _____ effect can enhance the therapeutic effects of a drug when combined with another drug.
additive
119
What is the purpose of a drug's package insert?
To provide essential information about the drug, including dosage and side effects.
120
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of a topical medication? A) Tablet B) Ointment C) Injection D) Syrup
B) Ointment
121
What does 'adjuvant' refer to in pharmacology?
A substance that enhances the effect of a drug.
122
True or False: All veterinary drugs are available over the counter.
False
123
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the recommended dose of a drug based on the animal's weight.
dosage
124
What is the significance of monitoring drug levels?
To ensure that drug concentrations remain within the therapeutic range.
125
Multiple Choice: Which of the following routes of administration is usually the slowest? A) Intravenous B) Subcutaneous C) Oral D) Topical
C) Oral
126
What is the role of the veterinary technician in pharmacology?
To assist with the administration and monitoring of medications.
127
True or False: The use of expired medications can be safe if they are stored properly.
False
