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Pharmacology > General Pharmacology > Flashcards

General Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of pharmacology?

A

The study of drugs and their interactions with living organisms.

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2
Q

True or False: Pharmacodynamics is the study of how the body affects a drug.

A

False. Pharmacodynamics is the study of how a drug affects the body.

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3
Q

What is the term for the study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion?

A

Pharmacokinetics.

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4
Q

Which type of drug administration route bypasses the gastrointestinal tract?

A

Parenteral administration.

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5
Q

What is the term for the maximum effect a drug can produce regardless of the dose?

A

Efficacy.

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6
Q

Which term describes the ratio of a drug’s toxic dose to its therapeutic dose?

A

Therapeutic index.

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7
Q

What is the name for a drug that binds to a receptor and causes a biological response?

A

Agonist.

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8
Q

True or False: Antagonists bind to receptors and activate them.

A

False. Antagonists bind to receptors but do not activate them.

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9
Q

What is the term for the study of drug interactions within a living organism?

A

Pharmacodynamics.

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10
Q

Which type of drug administration route involves oral ingestion?

A

Enteral administration.

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11
Q

What is the term for the process of a drug moving from its site of administration into the bloodstream?

A

Absorption.

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12
Q

Which phase of drug metabolism involves the modification of a drug to make it more water-soluble?

A

Phase II metabolism.

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13
Q

True or False: The half-life of a drug is the time it takes for the drug to reach peak plasma concentration.

A

False. The half-life is the time it takes for the drug concentration in the body to decrease by half.

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14
Q

What is the term for the proportion of a drug that reaches systemic circulation unchanged?

A

Bioavailability.

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15
Q

Which term describes the process by which a drug is eliminated from the body?

A

Excretion.

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16
Q

What is the name for a drug that binds to a receptor but does not activate it, blocking the receptor from other molecules?

A

Antagonist.

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17
Q

True or False: The volume of distribution of a drug is a measure of how extensively a drug is distributed in the body.

A

True.

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18
Q

What is the term for the study of how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted in individuals?

A

Clinical pharmacokinetics.

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19
Q

Which type of drug administration route involves injection into the muscle?

A

Intramuscular administration.

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20
Q

What is the term for the process of a drug being transported from the bloodstream to the tissues and organs?

A

Distribution.

21
Q

Which phase of drug metabolism involves the modification of a drug to make it more hydrophilic?

A

Phase I metabolism.

22
Q

True or False: The elimination half-life of a drug is the time it takes for the drug to be completely removed from the body.

A

False. The elimination half-life is the time it takes for the drug concentration in the body to decrease by half during the elimination phase.

23
Q

What is the term for the process of a drug being metabolized by enzymes in the liver before reaching systemic circulation?

A

First-pass metabolism.

24
Q

Which term describes the study of how a drug affects individuals based on genetic differences?

A

Pharmacogenetics.

25
Q

True or False: The bioavailability of a drug is 100% when administered intravenously.

A

True.

26
Q

What is the term for the study of the effects of drugs on populations?

A

Pharmacovigilance.

27
Q

Which type of drug administration route involves injection directly into the bloodstream?

A

Intravenous administration.

28
Q

What is the term for the study of drug concentration and response relationships in patients?

A

Clinical pharmacodynamics.

29
Q

Which phase of drug metabolism involves the conjugation of a drug with endogenous molecules?

A

Phase II metabolism.

30
Q

True or False: Drug metabolism primarily occurs in the kidneys.

A

False. Drug metabolism primarily occurs in the liver.

31
Q

What is the term for the process of a drug being broken down into metabolites that are more easily eliminated from the body?

A

Metabolism.

32
Q

Which term describes the study of how a drug’s effects vary based on the dose administered?

A

Pharmacodynamics.

33
Q

True or False: Drug distribution is the process of a drug moving from the bloodstream to the site of action.

A

True.

34
Q

What is the term for the time it takes for a drug to reach peak plasma concentration after administration?

A

Time to peak concentration.

35
Q

Which type of drug administration route involves inhalation of a drug?

A

Pulmonary administration.

36
Q

What is the term for the process of a drug being removed from the body through urine or feces?

A

Elimination.

37
Q

Which phase of drug metabolism involves the oxidation, reduction, or hydrolysis of a drug?

A

Phase I metabolism.

38
Q

True or False: Drug excretion primarily occurs through the lungs.

A

False. Drug excretion primarily occurs through the kidneys.

39
Q

What is the term for the study of how a drug’s concentration in the body changes over time?

A

Pharmacokinetics.

40
Q

Which term describes the study of how a drug affects individuals based on environmental factors?

A

Pharmacogenomics.

41
Q

True or False: Drug absorption is the process of a drug being transported from the bloodstream to the tissues and organs.

A

False. Drug distribution is the process of a drug being transported from the bloodstream to the tissues and organs.

42
Q

What is the term for the study of how drugs interact with each other in the body?

A

Drug-drug interactions.

43
Q

Which type of drug administration route involves applying a drug to the skin?

A

Topical administration.

44
Q

What is the term for the process of a drug binding to a receptor and preventing other molecules from binding?

A

Competitive antagonism.

45
Q

Which phase of drug metabolism involves the conjugation of a drug with endogenous molecules or metabolites?

A

Phase II metabolism.

46
Q

True or False: Drug metabolism primarily occurs in the gastrointestinal tract.

A

False. Drug metabolism primarily occurs in the liver.

47
Q

What is the term for the process of a drug being converted into a more polar compound to facilitate excretion?

A

Biotransformation.

48
Q

Which term describes the study of how a drug’s effects vary based on the individual’s age and sex?

A

Pharmacogenomics.

Pharmacology (3 decks)

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