General Pharmacology

Question 1

What is the definition of pharmacology?

Answer 1

The study of drugs and their interactions with living organisms.

Question 2

True or False: Pharmacodynamics is the study of how the body affects a drug.

Answer 2

False. Pharmacodynamics is the study of how a drug affects the body.

Question 3

What is the term for the study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion?

Answer 3

Pharmacokinetics.

Question 4

Which type of drug administration route bypasses the gastrointestinal tract?

Answer 4

Parenteral administration.

Question 5

What is the term for the maximum effect a drug can produce regardless of the dose?

Answer 5

Efficacy.

Question 6

Which term describes the ratio of a drug’s toxic dose to its therapeutic dose?

Answer 6

Therapeutic index.

Question 7

What is the name for a drug that binds to a receptor and causes a biological response?

Answer 7

Agonist.

Question 8

True or False: Antagonists bind to receptors and activate them.

Answer 8

False. Antagonists bind to receptors but do not activate them.

Question 9

What is the term for the study of drug interactions within a living organism?

Answer 9

Pharmacodynamics.

Question 10

Which type of drug administration route involves oral ingestion?

Answer 10

Enteral administration.

Question 11

What is the term for the process of a drug moving from its site of administration into the bloodstream?

Answer 11

Absorption.

Question 12

Which phase of drug metabolism involves the modification of a drug to make it more water-soluble?

Answer 12

Phase II metabolism.

Question 13

True or False: The half-life of a drug is the time it takes for the drug to reach peak plasma concentration.

Answer 13

False. The half-life is the time it takes for the drug concentration in the body to decrease by half.

Question 14

What is the term for the proportion of a drug that reaches systemic circulation unchanged?

Answer 14

Bioavailability.

Question 15

Which term describes the process by which a drug is eliminated from the body?

Answer 15

Excretion.

Question 16

What is the name for a drug that binds to a receptor but does not activate it, blocking the receptor from other molecules?

Answer 16

Antagonist.

Question 17

True or False: The volume of distribution of a drug is a measure of how extensively a drug is distributed in the body.

Answer 17

True.

Question 18

What is the term for the study of how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted in individuals?

Answer 18

Clinical pharmacokinetics.

Question 19

Which type of drug administration route involves injection into the muscle?

Answer 19

Intramuscular administration.

Question 20

What is the term for the process of a drug being transported from the bloodstream to the tissues and organs?

Answer 20

Distribution.

Question 21

Which phase of drug metabolism involves the modification of a drug to make it more hydrophilic?

Answer 21

Phase I metabolism.

Question 22

True or False: The elimination half-life of a drug is the time it takes for the drug to be completely removed from the body.

Answer 22

False. The elimination half-life is the time it takes for the drug concentration in the body to decrease by half during the elimination phase.

Question 23

What is the term for the process of a drug being metabolized by enzymes in the liver before reaching systemic circulation?

Answer 23

First-pass metabolism.

Question 24

Which term describes the study of how a drug affects individuals based on genetic differences?

Answer 24

Pharmacogenetics.

Question 25

True or False: The bioavailability of a drug is 100% when administered intravenously.

Answer 25

True.

Question 26

What is the term for the study of the effects of drugs on populations?

Answer 26

Pharmacovigilance.

Question 27

Which type of drug administration route involves injection directly into the bloodstream?

Answer 27

Intravenous administration.

Question 28

What is the term for the study of drug concentration and response relationships in patients?

Answer 28

Clinical pharmacodynamics.

Question 29

Which phase of drug metabolism involves the conjugation of a drug with endogenous molecules?

Answer 29

Phase II metabolism.

Question 30

True or False: Drug metabolism primarily occurs in the kidneys.

Answer 30

False. Drug metabolism primarily occurs in the liver.

Question 31

What is the term for the process of a drug being broken down into metabolites that are more easily eliminated from the body?

Answer 31

Metabolism.

Question 32

Which term describes the study of how a drug's effects vary based on the dose administered?

Answer 32

Pharmacodynamics.

Question 33

True or False: Drug distribution is the process of a drug moving from the bloodstream to the site of action.

Answer 33

True.

Question 34

What is the term for the time it takes for a drug to reach peak plasma concentration after administration?

Answer 34

Time to peak concentration.

Question 35

Which type of drug administration route involves inhalation of a drug?

Answer 35

Pulmonary administration.

Question 36

What is the term for the process of a drug being removed from the body through urine or feces?

Answer 36

Elimination.

Question 37

Which phase of drug metabolism involves the oxidation, reduction, or hydrolysis of a drug?

Answer 37

Phase I metabolism.

Question 38

True or False: Drug excretion primarily occurs through the lungs.

Answer 38

False. Drug excretion primarily occurs through the kidneys.

Question 39

What is the term for the study of how a drug's concentration in the body changes over time?

Answer 39

Pharmacokinetics.

Question 40

Which term describes the study of how a drug affects individuals based on environmental factors?

Answer 40

Pharmacogenomics.

Question 41

True or False: Drug absorption is the process of a drug being transported from the bloodstream to the tissues and organs.

Answer 41

False. Drug distribution is the process of a drug being transported from the bloodstream to the tissues and organs.

Question 42

What is the term for the study of how drugs interact with each other in the body?

Answer 42

Drug-drug interactions.

Question 43

Which type of drug administration route involves applying a drug to the skin?

Answer 43

Topical administration.

Question 44

What is the term for the process of a drug binding to a receptor and preventing other molecules from binding?

Answer 44

Competitive antagonism.

Question 45

Which phase of drug metabolism involves the conjugation of a drug with endogenous molecules or metabolites?

Answer 45

Phase II metabolism.

Question 46

True or False: Drug metabolism primarily occurs in the gastrointestinal tract.

Answer 46

False. Drug metabolism primarily occurs in the liver.

Question 47

What is the term for the process of a drug being converted into a more polar compound to facilitate excretion?

Answer 47

Biotransformation.

Question 48

Which term describes the study of how a drug's effects vary based on the individual's age and sex?

Answer 48

Pharmacogenomics.