General Paramedic Vocabulary Flashcards
more solutes than other solution
hypertonic
less solutes than other solution
hypotonic
same solutes concentration as other solution
isotonic
everything inside of a cell
cytoplasm
directs cellular activity
nucleolus
the powerhouse of the cell
mitochondria
carbohydrate metabolism, calcium concentrations, drug detoxification, attachment of receptions on cell membrane proteins
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
substance that when dissolved, forms a true solution and is able to pass through a semipermeable membrane
crystalloid
pressure the aorta valve has to overcome to open
afterload
blood available to right atrium
preload
produced by pituitary to stimulate thyroid
thyroid stimulating hormone
process of stopping blood flow
hemostasis
chemical process inside of a cell necessary for maintenance of life
metabolism
a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
krebs cycle
equilibrium, in balance
homeostasis
support synchronized contraction of cardiac tissue
intercalated disc
terminal units of cardiac electric system
purkinje fibers
metabolism with oxygen
aerobic metabolism
metabolism without oxygen
anaerobic metabolism
tubes in lungs that carry air to/from trachea
bronchioles
bifurcation (division of something into two parts) of the right and left mainstem bronchi
carina
functional units of lungs, one cell thick allowing for diffusion of respiratory gases
alveolus
interstitial compartment, intravascular compartment (25% of body fluid)
extracellular fluid
fluid within the cell (75% of body fluid)
intracellular fluid
localized infection leads to systemic infection
theoretical infection
strength of cardiac contraction
inotrope
rate of cardiac
chronotropic
speed of electrical impulse through the heart
dromotropic
exits C-3,4,5 and supplies motor impulse to diaphragm (C-3,4,5 keeps the diaphragm alive)
phrenic nerve
stretch receptors prevent over inflation of lungs
hearing-breuer reflex
amount of blood expressed by heart in one minute (HR x SV = ?)
cardiac output (CO)
resistance to blood flow caused by vascular constriction
systemic vascular resistance
strength of contraction, frank starling
contractility (cardiac)
amount of blood pumped for ventricle in one contraction (usually about 70 mL)
stroke volume (SV)
involuntary nervous system, has two divisions - sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
autonomic nervous system (ANS)
rest and digest system
parasympathetic nervous system
fight or flight system
sympathetic nervous system
voluntary part of peripheral nervous system (PNS), carries motor and sensory both to/from CNS
somatic nervous system (SNS)
type of passive transport which uses a facilitator molecule to move a particle (ie. insulin and glucose)
facilitated transport
uses energy to move a particle against a gradient
active transport
passive transport, movement of particles (solutes) from area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration
diffusion
movement of water (solvent) from areas of low particle concentration to areas of high particle concentration
osmosis
controls respiration, medulla (pH), arch of aorta, and carotids
chemoreceptors
fine motor control, storage of paradigms
cerebellum
master gland, controls pituitary, thermostat
hypothalamus
part of the brainstem that controls heart rate, respirations, BP
medulla oblongata
where heart rotates forward during systole, 5th intercostal space, left of mid-sternum, medial to left mid-clavicular line
point of maximum impulse (cardiac)
part of brainstem involved in arousal, controlling autonomic functions, relaying sensory information between cerebrum and cerebellum
pons
encloses cells and gives integrity to cells
cell membrane
semipermeable cell membrane
phospholipid membrane
responsible for alertness, area of electrical impulses between brainstem and cerebellum
reticular activating system
these receptors allow “feed-forward responses” to a predicted change in core body temperature in response to changing environmental conditions, respond to small changes in temperature
central thermoreceptors
percentage of RBCs in blood (45% M, 40% F)
hematocrit
another name for red blood cells (RBCs)
erythrocyte
this gives important information about the kinds and numbers of cells in the blood, especially RBCs, WBCs, and platelets
complete blood count (CBC)
the iron-containing oxygen transport metalloprotein in the RBCs of all vertebrates
hemoglobin (Hb or Hgb)
soluble protein excreted by a microorganism, have the potential to cause major damage to the host, can be secreted or released during cell lysis
exotoxin
potentially toxic, natural compounds found inside pathogens such as bacteria, a structural component in bacteria released mainly when bacteria are lysed
endotoxins
able to infect and cause harm to the body
pathogens
protects us from microbes and the elements, helps regulate body temperature, and permits sensations of touch, heat, and cold
skin
what electrolytes dissociate into when placed in solution, can be charged
ions
generates electrical energy for cell (cardiac and nerve), resting potential K+ in cell, Na+ outside, think ekg breakdown
sodium potassium pump
caused by the closure of AV valves (tricuspid and mitral)
heart sound 1 (s-1) lub
caused by the closure of the semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonic)
heart sound 2 (s-2) dub
increasing volume of blood within the ventricles, right sided s3 will increase on inspiration (breathing in), left sided s3 will increase upon expiration (breathing out)
heart sound 3 (s-3) lub-dub-ta aka gallop rhythm
sign of pathology (hypotropic left ventricle as in systemic hypertension)
heart sound 4 (s-4) ta-lub-dub
phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood from the chambers into the arteries
systole
phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes and allows the chambers to full with blood
diastole
coronary vessels
atelactasis
hormones
common chemical elements in the body
manubrium
sternal notch
xiphoid process
body of sternum
negative feedback systems
positive feedback systems
acclimatization
neurotransmitters
epinephrine
norepinephrine
alpha receptor sites
beta receptor sites
muscarinic receptor sites
nicotinic receptor sites
layers of the heart
mediastinum
retroperitoneal cavity
limbic system
cilia
function of c-shaped rings in trachea
thoracoabdominal pump
venus valves
arteries
arterioles
veins
veinoles
capillaries
heart valves
mechanism for returning blood to heart
layers of blood vessels
