General Osteology

Question 1

Shape categories of bones

Answer 1

Long 
Short
Sesamoid
Flat
Irregular

Question 2

Characteristics of Long Bones

Answer 2

Long
Multiple ossification centers
Found in appendages

Question 3

Define diaphysis

Answer 3

Long, straight main body of bone

Question 4

Define epiphysis

Answer 4

End regions of bone

Question 5

Define metaphysis

Answer 5

Region of bone lying between epiphysis and diaphysis

Question 6

Define metaphyseal growth plate

Answer 6

Located between epiphyses and diaphysis in young animals, comprised of cartilage cells

Question 7

Define medullary cavity

Answer 7

Location of bone marrow, reduces weight of bone

Question 8

Explain the clinical relevance of the metaphyseal plate

Answer 8

Often primary site of: infection, metastasis, fractures, and endocrine bone disorders

Also, dwarfism (chondrodystrophy and achondroplasia)

Question 9

Characteristics of Short Bones

Answer 9

Approximately equal dimensions
One ossification center
Ex: carpal bones and sesamoid bones

Question 10

Characteristics of Sesamoid Bones

Answer 10

Seed-like
Embedded in muscle tendons
All sesamoid bones are short bones, not all short bones are sesamoid bones
Ex: patella

Question 11

3 purposes of sesamoid bones

Answer 11

Eliminate tendon shear
Redirect lines of force
Increase torque

Question 12

Characteristics of Flat Bones

Answer 12

Flat
May contain air sinuses
Ex: scapula, bones of the skull

Question 13

Function of Flat Bones

Answer 13

Protection

Large muscle attachment attachment area

Question 14

Characteristics of Irregular Bones

Answer 14

Short bones with multiple processes

Ex: vertebrae

Question 15

What is Wolff’s Law?

Answer 15

Normal bone remodels in response to stress

Ex: body weight gain, muscle building

Question 16

Define a joint

Answer 16

The point of contact, or articulation, between two or more bones/cartilages

Question 17

Function of joints

Answer 17

Provide support and movement to the skeleton

Note: not all joints are moveable

Question 18

Functional joints (3)

Answer 18

Synarthroses
Amphiarthroses
Diarthroses

Question 19

Structural joints (3)

Answer 19

Fibrous joint
Cartilaginous joint
Synovial joint

Question 20

Synarthroses

Answer 20

Immovable joints

Question 21

Amohiarthroses

Answer 21

Semi moveable joints

Question 22

Diarthroses

Answer 22

Freely moveable joints

Question 23

Fibrous joint

Answer 23

Strong fibrous connective tissue between articulating bones

Question 24

Cartilaginous joint

Answer 24

Cartilage (hyaline or fibrocartilage) between articulating bones
Limited movement

Question 25

Synovial joint

Answer 25

Joint cavity between articulating bones lined with a synovial membrane

Question 26

What is meniscus and where can it be found?

Answer 26

Fibrocartilage within the synovial cavity

Found in ex.: stifle joint, temporomandibular joint

Question 27

Components of the Locomotor System (3)

Answer 27

Bones (passive)
Joints
Muscles (active)

Question 28

Tendon vs Ligament

Answer 28

Tendon: attaches muscle to bone
Ligament: attaches bone to bone

Question 29

Synovial bursa/bursae

Answer 29

Synovial fluid-filled sac provides one-sided protection of muscle tendons
May be sumbcutaneous, subtendinous, or intertendinous

Question 30

Synovial tendon sheaths

Answer 30

Synovial fluid filled sacs that surround muscle tendons