General muscle terms

Question 1

parallel

Answer 1

The long axis of the fascicles run parallel to the long axis of the muscle.

Question 2

Rectus

Answer 2

“Straight” A parallel fiber pattern that has fibers running parallel to the body mid-line. (Ex Rectus abdominis)

Question 3

Oblique

Answer 3

A parallel fiber pattern that has the fibers running at a 45 degree angle to the mid-line of the body. (Ex: external abdominal oblique).

Question 4

Transverse

Answer 4

A parallel fiber pattern where the fibers are running at a right angle/perpendicular to the body mid-line (ex. transverse abdominis).

Question 5

Unipennate

Answer 5

fascicle attach to one side of the tendon.

Question 6

Bipennate

Answer 6

Fascicles attach to two sides of the tendon

Question 7

Multipennate

Answer 7

Fascicles attach to more than two sides of the tendon.

Question 8

Convergent

Answer 8

the origin of the muscle is broad and the muscle narrows as it approaches the insertion.

Question 9

Circular/Sphincter

Answer 9

The fascicles are arranges in concentric rings.

Question 10

Extensor

Answer 10

increase the angle between two bones

Question 11

Flexors

Answer 11

Decrease the angel between two bones

Question 12

Abductors

Answer 12

move limb away from the mid-line of the body

Question 13

Adductors

Answer 13

move a limb towards the mid-line of the body

Question 14

Protractors

Answer 14

thrust a part of the body forward

Question 15

Retractors

Answer 15

pull a part of the body back

Question 16

Levators

Answer 16

raise a structure of the body

Question 17

Depressors

Answer 17

lower a structure of the body

Question 18

Rotators

Answer 18

rotate a body part on its axis

Question 19

Supinators

Answer 19

rotate the palm/sole upwards

Question 20

Pronators

Answer 20

Rotate the palm/sole downward

Question 21

Tensor

Answer 21

increase the tension on a structure

Question 22

sphincters

Answer 22

decrease the size of an opening

Question 23

Dilators

Answer 23

increase the size of an opening

Question 24

synergistic

Answer 24

meaning the muscles move or work together

Question 25

antagonistic

Answer 25

meaning the muscles move or work against one another. includes the agonist “prime mover” and the antagonist.

Question 26

Somatic Muscles

Answer 26

Are muscle organs that control the body, all composed of skeletal muscle. They are innervated by branches of spinal nerves.