General Microbiology (exam 1)

Question 1

Studies included in microbiology

Answer 1

Immunology, virology, parisitology, mycology, bacteriology

Question 2

Paul de Kruif

Answer 2

“Microbe hunters” 1926

Question 3

3 types of microscope

Answer 3

light microscope, electron microscope, confocal

Question 4

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Answer 4

given credit for designing the microscope (lens)
looked at pond water and found “animalcules”
Leewenhoeck medal every ten years

Question 5

Robert Hooke

Answer 5

more detailed lens
Coining term “cell”
drawings in book called “Micrographia”

Question 6

Joseph Lister

Answer 6

Father of aseptic surgery
Surgeon, used phenol to clean instruments, more successful surgeries with less infection
Lister’s father assisted in microscope lens to focus colors at one point
Listerine is named after him

Question 7

Redi

Answer 7

Father of parisitology
Experimented on raw meat by leaving in jars. Half open to air, half covered with gauze
Maggots only appeared in open jars
Maybe spontaneous generation is still true for microorganisms
used fasciola hepatica, ascaris lumbricoides (roundwormO

Question 8

Needham

Answer 8

Priest who experimented on nutrient broth by boiling, leaving flask open to cool, then sealing it.
Found that bacteria and mold appeared in broth.
Spontaneous generation is still a viable theory

Question 9

Lazzaro Spallanzani

Answer 9

Found that sperm and ovum are required for fertilization and reproduction to occur
Characterized digestive chemicals
Discovered echolocation
Experimented on nutrient broth by boiling 2 flasks for a longer time and left one open. Found bacteria and mold only in open flask. Air is required for spontaneous generation.

Question 10

Louis Pasteur

Answer 10

Father of microbiology
Pasteurization of wine
Fowl cholera vaccination (Pasteurella multocodia)
Worked to prevent humans from being affected by rabies and anthrax
Worked with nutrient broth, boiled in flask with S-shaped neck, left flask open for weeks, broke neck off flask. Bacteria and mold only appeared after neck had been removed from flask. Found that life can only originate through the reproduction of other living creatures; it does not arise from nonliving matter

Question 11

Charles Chamberland

Answer 11

worked with Pasteur

accidentally discovered fowl cholera inoculation

Question 12

Dmitri Ivanovsky

Answer 12

credited for discovering viruses as filterable agents

Filter cultures of tobacco mosaic disease, filterable agents

Question 13

Alfred Nobel

Answer 13

namesake of the Nobel Prizes

best known for inventing dynamite

Question 14

Emil von Behring

Answer 14

First Nobel prize in physiology/medicine in 1901

“Savior of children” for developing antitoxin against diptheria (dipthuretic membrane)

Question 15

Robert Koch

Answer 15

Nobel prize for identifying microbial agent that causes tuberculosis and cholera
Worked with anthrax
Found agent that causes cholera
1884 Koch’s postulates with Loefeller: 1) organism should be in abundance in sick animals, not healthy 2) isolated in pure culture 3) reinfect healthy animal, should get sick 4) take from healthy re-isolate and grow again. same?
Formulated idea/concept of growth media Agar in Petri dish

Question 16

Theobald Smith

Answer 16

Discovered transmission route through ticks and causative agent of Texas cattle fever. Protozoa Babesia bigemina in infected animals. Worked with veterinarian Fred Kilbourne
Worked with David Salmon and discovered salmonella

Question 17

Charles Laveran

Answer 17

French physician and parisitologist. Associated protozoans causing disease. Worked with trypanosomal which causes African Sleeping Sickness. Malaria is transmitted by Anopheles.
Nobel Prize

Question 18

Ronald Ross

Answer 18

1902 Nobel prize on malaria

worked with avian malarian parasite. found protozoan in guts of mosquitoes

Question 19

Giovanni Battista Grassi

Answer 19

Figured out the life cycles of ascaris lumbricoides,

tape worms, roundworms, through self experimentation

Question 20

David Bruce

Answer 20

Nagana identified in African sleeping sickness in humans
Teste fly for transmisison (T brucei)
Brucella melitensis gram negative bacteria that causes abortion in sheep and goats

Question 21

Walter Reed

Answer 21

sent to Cuba to work with yellow fever with Carlos Findlay. Associated it with Aedes. Found that it was non-transmissible through soiled bedding like previously thought

Question 22

Elie Metchnikoff

Answer 22

Coined term “phagocytes”
Father of natural immunity
Phagocytocis: starfish larvae can injest things
Chemotaxis: white blood cells will move towards things
1908 Nobel Prize with Paul Ehrlich

Question 23

Paul Ehrlich

Answer 23

Coined term “mast cells”
worked with dyes. Ehrlichia in neutrophils named after him
Treatment of syphillus with arsenic

Question 24

Emile Roux

Answer 24

made rabies vaccine

Klebs-Loeffer bacillus associated with diptheria (now called cornyebacterium diptheria)

Question 25

Karl Linneaus

Answer 25

binomal nomenclature