General Medicine Flashcards
What are the important value ranges for a DEXA scan?
<2.5 osteoporosis
-2.5 - 1 osteopenia
What are 2 serious side effects of bisphosphonates?
Osteonecrosis of the jaw
Acid reflux/pill esophagitis
Young female presents with inability to keep legs still at night and needs to walk around room. What test would you order next? Treatment?
Order ferritin to r/o IDA, may need colonoscopy
Tx: ropinerole
Name live vaccines which we would not give to immunocompromised or pregnant patients
MMR Varicella/Zoster ** Smallpox Typhoid BCG Yellow fever Intranasal influenza
Common vitamin deficencies in alcoholics?
Thiamine, folate, VitC, VitD, Zinc, copper
Vit deficiency: night blindness
Vitamin A
Vit deficiency: wet beriberi, dry beriberi
VitB1 thiamine
What is wet beriberi
high output HF, ascites, peripheral edema, neuropathy
What is dry beriberi (2 diseases)?
Wernicke encephalopathy: nystagmus, opthalmoplegia, ataxia, mental deterioration
Korsakoff syndrome - confabulation, poor recent memory/learning
Vit deficiency: glossitis, cheilosis, vomiting, seizures and neuropathy
Can be caused by INH, cycloserine, penicillamine
VitB6 pyridoxine
Vit deficiency: macrocytic anemia, neuropathy, dementia, seen in vegans
VitB12 cobalamin
Vit deficiency: pellagra (diarrhea, mucosal dermatitis, dementia), seen in carcinoid syndrome, and INH therapy
Niacin B3
Vit deficiency: petechial hemorrhage in hair follicles and ecchymosis
VitC
Vit deficiency: rickets, osteomalacia,
VitD
What group of T2DM meds are contraindicated in heeart failure?
TZDs
rosiglitazone, pioglitazone
What is a known side effect of venlafaxine?
elevated BP
How do you set up a 2x2 stats table?
Along top: disease Along left: test result Sens: TP / (TP + FN) Spec: TN / (FP + TN) PPV: TP / (TP + FN) NPV: TN / (TN + FN)
What diet restriction is indicated for Parkinsons?
Protein restricted
What diet helps prevent seizures?
ketogenic diet
What test should you order in Downs syndrome patient going for surgery/
Cervical XR to r/o AA subluxation
A patient that had reaction to poison ivy had what type of hypersensitivity?
Cell mediated Type 4
A woman is having breast pain, treatment?
Mastalgia is treated with danazol
In patient with resistant HTN, what testing should be ordered?
PSG to r/o OSA
A patient with acromegaly is predisposed to ____?
colon cancer
