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Med Prep > General Medicine > Flashcards

General Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

Which regions does Crohn’s affect?

A
  • mouth to anus
  • skipped lesions
  • most commonly terminal ileum
  • transmural inflammation
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2
Q

Which regions does UC affect?

A
  • sigmoid and rectum
  • continuous lesion
  • widespread ulcerations
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3
Q

Empiric treatment for pyelonephritis?

A

amoxi -clav or ciprofloxacin

longer duration than cystitis

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4
Q

Severe pyelonephritis tx

A
  • amoxicillin plus gentamicin
  • gentamicin must be monitored
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5
Q

First line basic AB tx for UTI

A
  • trimethoprim
  • cephalexin

pregnancy -> nitrofuratoin or cephalexin or amoci-clav

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6
Q

What is stage 1 HTN?

A

140-159/90-99

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7
Q

What is stage 2 HTN?

A

160-179 / 100-109

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8
Q

What is stage 3 HTN?

A

> 180 / > 110

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9
Q

What is normal blood glucose level?

A

3.9-5.5mmol/L

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10
Q

What is normal fasting blood glucose level?

A
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11
Q

Most likely cause of pneumaturia with bacilluria and UTI?

A

colovesical fistula - caused by mainly diverticulitis

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12
Q

What are the alarm symptoms of GERD?

A
  • dysphagia
  • odynophagia
  • weight loss
  • haemetemesis
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13
Q

When is pH monitoring indicated for GERD?

A
  • failure of initial treatment plan
  • uncertainty of diagnosis
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14
Q

When is endoscopy indicated for GERD?

A
  • alarm symptoms
  • uncertainty of diagnosis
  • failure of initial tx
  • long standing troublesome symptoms
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15
Q

Treatment for GERD initially?

A
  • PPI 4-8 weeks
  • H2 antagonists may also be used
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16
Q

What is the murphy sign and where is it found?

A
  • acute cholecystitis
  • inspiration halted during deep palpation of gallbladder
17
Q

Where is the meckel’s diverticulum ?

A
  • 2 inches from the ileocecal valve
  • most common congenital cause of painless blood in stool
18
Q

Difference between transudate and exudate pleural effusion, example for each.

A
  • transudate < 30g/L
    e.g. HF
  • exudate > 30g/L
    e.g. inflammatory cause -> infection like pneumonia or neoplasm
19
Q

Lights criteria for exudative effusion

A

One of the following:

  • pleural fluid protein to serum protein ratio greater than 0.5
  • pleural fluid LDH to serum LDH ratio greater than 0.6
  • pleural fluid LDH more than two-thirds the normal upper limit for serum
20
Q

What are the autoAB for SLE

A
  • ANA
  • ant-Dna
21
Q

What are the autoAB for RA

A
  • initial RF
  • Anti- CCP (specific)
22
Q

What are the autoAB for Autoimmune hepatitis

A
  • Anti-smooth muscle
23
Q

What are the autoAB for diffuse (CREST syndrome) and limited scleroderma?

A
  • limited: anti-scl70
  • Diffuse (CREST syndrome): anti-centromere
24
Q

What are the autoAB for primary biliary cholangitis

A

anti-mitochondrial

25
Q

What are the autoAB for churg strauss syndrome

A

p-ANCA

26
Q

What are the autoAB for wegener’s granulomatosis

A

c-ANCA

27
Q

What are the autoAB for drug induced lupus, give examples of drugs.

A

anti-histone

SHIP

Sulfonamides
Hydralazine
Isoniazid
Procainamide

28
Q

What is in the well’s criteria? What are the scores?

A
  • recent surgery or immobilisation
  • any malignancy
  • previous DVT or PE
  • haemoptysis
  • clinical symptoms of DVT
  • HR > 100

low - < 2
high - > 4

29
Q

What is in the PERC criteria?

A
  • estrogen use
  • age > 50
  • HR > 100
  • Previous DVT or PE
  • Recent surgery
  • unilateral swelling

0 - exclude PE
1 or more -> D dimer

30
Q

Treatment of low severity of pneumonia?

A

Amoxicillin

31
Q

Treatment of moderate severity penumonia?

A

benzypenicillin and azithromycin

32
Q

Treatment of severe pneumonia?

A

Ceftriaxone and azithromycin

33
Q

Treatment of aspiration pneumonia (anaerobes I believe)

A

IV ampicillin-sulbactam

34
Q

Tx of chronic bronchiectasis exacerbation

A

Ticarecillin - clavunate

35
Q

Acute exacerbation of bronchiectasis

A

doxycycline

36
Q
A

Med Prep (7 decks)

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