General Medicine Flashcards
Which regions does Crohn’s affect?
- mouth to anus
- skipped lesions
- most commonly terminal ileum
- transmural inflammation
Which regions does UC affect?
- sigmoid and rectum
- continuous lesion
- widespread ulcerations
Empiric treatment for pyelonephritis?
amoxi -clav or ciprofloxacin
longer duration than cystitis
Severe pyelonephritis tx
- amoxicillin plus gentamicin
- gentamicin must be monitored
First line basic AB tx for UTI
- trimethoprim
- cephalexin
pregnancy -> nitrofuratoin or cephalexin or amoci-clav
What is stage 1 HTN?
140-159/90-99
What is stage 2 HTN?
160-179 / 100-109
What is stage 3 HTN?
> 180 / > 110
What is normal blood glucose level?
3.9-5.5mmol/L
What is normal fasting blood glucose level?
Most likely cause of pneumaturia with bacilluria and UTI?
colovesical fistula - caused by mainly diverticulitis
What are the alarm symptoms of GERD?
- dysphagia
- odynophagia
- weight loss
- haemetemesis
When is pH monitoring indicated for GERD?
- failure of initial treatment plan
- uncertainty of diagnosis
When is endoscopy indicated for GERD?
- alarm symptoms
- uncertainty of diagnosis
- failure of initial tx
- long standing troublesome symptoms
Treatment for GERD initially?
- PPI 4-8 weeks
- H2 antagonists may also be used
What is the murphy sign and where is it found?
- acute cholecystitis
- inspiration halted during deep palpation of gallbladder
Where is the meckel’s diverticulum ?
- 2 inches from the ileocecal valve
- most common congenital cause of painless blood in stool
Difference between transudate and exudate pleural effusion, example for each.
- transudate < 30g/L
e.g. HF - exudate > 30g/L
e.g. inflammatory cause -> infection like pneumonia or neoplasm
Lights criteria for exudative effusion
One of the following:
- pleural fluid protein to serum protein ratio greater than 0.5
- pleural fluid LDH to serum LDH ratio greater than 0.6
- pleural fluid LDH more than two-thirds the normal upper limit for serum
What are the autoAB for SLE
- ANA
- ant-Dna
What are the autoAB for RA
- initial RF
- Anti- CCP (specific)
What are the autoAB for Autoimmune hepatitis
- Anti-smooth muscle
What are the autoAB for diffuse (CREST syndrome) and limited scleroderma?
- limited: anti-scl70
- Diffuse (CREST syndrome): anti-centromere
What are the autoAB for primary biliary cholangitis
anti-mitochondrial
