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CLF-C02 > General Knowledge defined on AWS(1-5) > Flashcards

General Knowledge defined on AWS(1-5) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the key values for a Customer at AWS?

A
  1. Pay as you go pricing(only pay for what you need).
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2
Q

What is the definition of Cloud Computing?

A

The On-demand delivery of IT Recourses over the internet with Pay as You Go Pricing.

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3
Q

What is another name for on-premises deployment?

A

Private cloud deployment

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4
Q

How does the scale of cloud computing help you to save costs?

A

The aggregated cloud usage from a large number of customers results in lower pay-as-you-go prices.

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5
Q

What is in charge of shareing the server or partitioning AWS servers for use through EC2 instances

A

The Hypervisor, is in charge of this function ( Another name for portioning a server for use is called multitenancy).

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6
Q

What can you control on your EC2 instance?

A

You can control the OS the EC2 instance runs on and the application, database, web app and other software installed.

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7
Q

What is vertically scaling?

A

Increasing the computing or memory capacity of the EC2(more cpu/ram)

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8
Q

What are the EC2 instance family types?

A
  1. Compute-optimized
  2. Storage optimized
  3. Memory optimized
  4. General purpose
  5. Accelerated Computing
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9
Q

What are Compute-optimized EC2s used for ?

A

Compute optimized instances are ideal for compute-intensive tasks like gaming servers, high performance computing or HPC, and even scientific modeling.

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10
Q

What are Memory optimized EC2s used for ?

A

Memory optimized instances are good for memory-intensive tasks.

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11
Q

What are Storage optimized EC2s used for ?

A

Workloads that require high performance for locally stored data.

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12
Q

What are Accelerated computing EC2s used for?

A

Accelerated computing are good for floating point number calculations, graphics processing, or data pattern matching, as they use hardware accelerators.

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13
Q

What are the different EC2 instance billing types?

A
  1. On Demand ( only pay for the duration that your instance runs for. This can be per hour or per second, depending on the instance type and operating system you choose to run)
  2. Savings Plan( low prices on EC2 usage in exchange for a commitment to a consistent amount of usage measured in dollars per hour for a one or three-year term up to 72% savings)
  3. Reserved Instance ( These are suited for steady-state workloads or ones with predictable usage and offer you up to a 75% discount versus On-Demand pricing.)
  4. Spot Instances (up to 90 percent off. AWS can reclaim at anytime though)
  5. Dedicated hosts (physical hosts dedicated for your use for EC2. These are usually for meeting certain compliance requirements and nobody else will share tenancy of that host.)
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14
Q

Which Amazon EC2 instance type is suitable for data warehousing applications?

A

Storage optimized

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15
Q

Which Amazon EC2 instance type balances compute, memory, and networking resources?

A

General purpose

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16
Q

Which Amazon EC2 instance type is ideal for high-performance databases?

A

Memory optimized

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17
Q

Which Amazon EC2 instance type offers high-performance processors?

A

Compute optimized

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18
Q

Which Amazon EC2 pricing option provides a discount when you specify a number of EC2 instances to run a specific OS, instance family and size, and tenancy in one Region?

A

Standard Reserved Instances

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19
Q

Which Amazon EC2 pricing option provides a discount when you make an hourly spend commitment to an instance family and Region for a 1-year or 3-year term?

A

EC2 Instance Savings Plans

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20
Q

Difference between EC2 Instance Savings Plan and Reserved instance?

A

Unlike Reserved Instances, for Instance Savings Plan you don’t need to specify up front what EC2 instance type and size (for example, m5.xlarge), OS, and tenancy to get a discount. Further, you don’t need to commit to a certain number of EC2 instances over a 1-year or 3-year term. Additionally, the EC2 Instance Savings Plans don’t include an EC2 capacity reservation option.

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21
Q

What is AWS Scalability?

A

Scalability involves beginning with only the resources you need and designing your architecture to automatically respond to changing demand by scaling out or in. As a result, you pay for only the resources you use. You don’t have to worry about a lack of computing capacity to meet your customers’ needs.

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22
Q

What is Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling?

A

Add new instances to the application when necessary and terminate them when no longer needed.

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23
Q

What are the 2 approaches to EC2 Auto Scaling?

A

Dynamic scaling responds to changing demand.
Predictive scaling automatically schedules the right number of Amazon EC2 instances based on predicted demand.

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24
Q

What is AWS Elastic Load Balancing?

A

Elastic Load Balancing is the AWS service that automatically distributes incoming application traffic across multiple resources, such as Amazon EC2 instances. (Although Elastic Load Balancing and Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling are separate services, they work together to help ensure that applications running in Amazon EC2 can provide high performance and availability. )

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25
Q

What does Amazon SQS do?

A

SQS allows you to send, store, and receive messages between software components at any volume. This is without losing messages or requiring other services to be available.

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26
Q

What is Amazon SNS or Simple Notification Service?

A

Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) is a publish/subscribe service. Using Amazon SNS topics, a publisher publishes messages to subscribers.

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27
Q

What is AWS Fargate?

A

Allows you to run ECS or EKS without having to manage EC2 clusters( it is serverless in a cloud perspective).

28
Q

What is AWS Lambda?

A

AWS Lambda(opens in a new tab) is a service that lets you run code without needing to provision or manage servers. While using AWS Lambda, you pay only for the compute time that you consume. Charges apply only when your code is running. You can also run code for virtually any type of application or backend service, all with zero administration. ( Short running functions)

29
Q

What are Containers?

A

Containers provide you with a standard way to package your application’s code and dependencies into a single object.

30
Q

What is Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS)?

A

It is a highly scalable, high-performance container management system that enables you to run and scale containerized applications on AWS.

31
Q

What is Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS)?

A

A fully managed service that you can use to run Kubernetes on AWS.

32
Q

What are the primary factors for choosing a AWS Region?

A

Compliance, proximity, pricing and feature availability

33
Q

What is an AWS Region?

A

An AWS region is an area across the globe where a cluster of Availability Zones are (minimum of 3 AZ per Region)

34
Q

What is an AWS AZ (Availability Zone)

A

An availability zone is comprised of 1 or more data centers.

35
Q

What is a Regionally scoped service in AWS?

A

A service that runs across all AZs in a region without additional AWS customer effort(Like ELB, SQS and Amazon DynamoDB)

36
Q

What are AWS Edge locations?

A

An edge location is a site that Amazon CloudFront uses to store cached copies of your content closer to your customers for faster delivery.

37
Q

What is Amazon CloudFront?

A

Amazon CloudFront is a web service that speeds up distribution of your static and dynamic web content, such as .html, .css, .js, and image files, to your users. CloudFront delivers your content through a worldwide network of data centers called edge locations?

38
Q

What is Route 53?

A

Route 53 is used to configure latency-based routing from the end-user’s location to the closest Region in which your application is deployed.

39
Q

What AWS services can you use APIs to create and manage AWS resourses ?

A

1.AWS Management Console( Through UI in the browser )
2.AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI)
3.software development kits (SDKs write code through common languages to provision and manage resourses )
and various other tools

40
Q

What is the benifit to AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI) provisioning resources ?

A

You can provision recourses programmatically and script provisioning. So you don’t have to keep going back through the UI of AWS Management Console and make human errors.

41
Q

What is the benefit to AWS Elastic Beanstalk

A

With AWS Elastic Beanstalk, you provide code and configuration settings, and Elastic Beanstalk deploys the resources necessary to perform the following tasks:

Adjust capacity
Load balancing
Automatic scaling
Application health monitoring

42
Q

What is AWS CloudFormation?

A

With AWS CloudFormation, you can treat your infrastructure as code. This means that you can build an environment by writing lines of code instead of using the AWS Management Console to individually provision resources.( This takes automation a step farther than CLI or SDK. You can define your resources needed accross the board like databases, ec2s, elb,..ext through JSON or YAML. Then the api calls necessary will be defined and made together to provision the resources necessary.)

43
Q

What is a Internet gateway in AWS?

A

It allows public traffic from the internet to access your VPC, you attach an internet gateway to the VPC.

44
Q

What is Virtual private gateway in AWS?

A

To access your VPC privately you use a virtual private gateway. This still connects to the internet, however. Though through a virtual private network (VPN) connection that encrypts (or protects) your data.

45
Q

What is AWS Direct Connect?

A

AWS Direct Connect is a service that lets you to establish a dedicated private connection between your data center and a VPC. (It is a physical connection think like Spectrum)

46
Q

What are the 3 Gateways/Connections to a VPC through AWS?

A

AWS Direct Connect, Internet Gateway and Virtual private gateway

47
Q

What are Subnets?

A

A subnet is a section of a VPC in which you can group resources based on security or operational needs. Subnets can be public or private.

48
Q

What are Network ACLs?

A

A network ACL is a virtual firewall that controls inbound and outbound traffic at the subnet level.(They are stateless and by default allows all inbound and outbound traffic).

49
Q

What are Security groups in AWS?

A

A security group is a virtual firewall that controls inbound and outbound traffic for an Amazon EC2 instance.(They are stateful and deny inbound traffic by default)

50
Q

What is Amazon Route 53?

A

Amazon Route 53 is a DNS web service. It gives developers and businesses a reliable way to route end users to internet applications hosted in AWS.

51
Q

What is Domain Name System (DNS)?

A

It is like a phone book for the internet connects names to I.P addresses

52
Q

What is Instance store?

A

An instance store(opens in a new tab) provides temporary block-level storage for an Amazon EC2 instance. An instance store is disk storage that is physically attached to the host computer for an EC2 instance, and therefore has the same lifespan as the instance. When the instance is terminated, you lose any data in the instance store.

53
Q

What is Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS)?

A

A service that provides block-level storage volumes that you can use with Amazon EC2 instances. If you stop or terminate an Amazon EC2 instance, all the data on the attached EBS volume remains available.

54
Q

What are Amazon EBS snapshots?

A

An EBS snapshot(opens in a new tab) is an incremental backup. This means that the first backup taken of a volume copies all the data. For subsequent backups, only the blocks of data that have changed since the most recent snapshot are saved.

55
Q

What does object storage consists of?

A

In object storage, each object consists of data, metadata, and a key.
The data might be an image, video, text document, or any other type of file. Metadata contains information about what the data is, how it is used, the object size, and so on. An object’s key is its unique identifier.

56
Q

What is Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3)?

A

Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3)(opens in a new tab) is a service that provides object-level storage. Amazon S3 stores data as objects in buckets.

57
Q

What are the S3 Tiers

A

Amazon S3 Standard (S3 Standard),Amazon S3 Intelligent-Tiering (S3 Intelligent-Tiering),Amazon S3 Express One Zone, Amazon S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard-IA), Amazon S3 One Zone-Infrequent Access (S3 One Zone-IA), Amazon S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval (Formerly S3 Glacier), Amazon S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval (Formerly S3 Glacier),Amazon S3 Glacier Deep Archive and S3 on Outposts

58
Q

What is Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS)?

A

A scalable file system used with AWS Cloud services and on-premises resources. As you add and remove files, Amazon EFS grows and shrinks automatically. It can scale on demand to petabytes without disrupting applications.

59
Q

What are some key differences with EFS and EBS(they both can store file data).

A

An Amazon EBS volume stores data in a single Availability Zone.
To attach an Amazon EC2 instance to an EBS volume, both the Amazon EC2 instance and the EBS volume must reside within the same Availability Zone. With EFS it is a regional service so any instance within the same region can access the data. Additionally, on-premises servers can access Amazon EFS using AWS Direct Connect.

60
Q

What is Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS)?

A

Amazon RDS is a managed service that automates tasks such as hardware provisioning, database setup, patching, and backups.

61
Q

What are the 6 Amazon RDS database engines supported

A

Amazon Aurora
PostgreSQL
MySQL
MariaDB
Oracle Database
Microsoft SQL Server

61
Q

What is Amazon Aurora?

A

Amazon Aurora(opens in a new tab) is an enterprise-class relational database. It is compatible with MySQL and PostgreSQL relational databases. It is up to five times faster than standard MySQL databases and up to three times faster than standard PostgreSQL databases.

62
Q

What is Amazon DynamoDB?

A

Amazon DynamoDB(opens in a new tab) is a key-value database service. It delivers single-digit millisecond performance at any scale.(Also automatically scales)

62
Q

What is Amazon Redshift?

A

Amazon Redshift(opens in a new tab) is a data warehousing service that you can use for big data analytics. It offers the ability to collect data from many sources and helps you to understand relationships and trends across your data.(It is like Greenplum in a way)

62
Q

What is AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS)

A

AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS)(opens in a new tab) enables you to migrate relational databases, nonrelational databases, and other types of data stores.

63
Q

What are the 2 types of DB migrations through AWS DMS

A

Homogenous migration, the databases are of the same type like MySQL to RDS MySQL. Heterogenous migration, the databases are of different types like Postgres to MySQL.

64
Q

What are some use cases for AWS DMS?

A

Enabling developers to test applications against production data without affecting production users, Combining several databases into a single database, Continuous replication and Sending ongoing copies of your data to other target sources instead of doing a one-time migration

CLF-C02 (4 decks)

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