General Knowledge Flashcards
What year did RID get established?
1964
What year did RID get incorporated?
1972
Who founded the first school for the Deaf?
Thomas Gallaudet
Who was the first Deaf student in America?
Alice Cogswell
What year was American School for the Deaf founded?
1817
In what year did DeafPresNow happen?
March 1988
Where did the first meeting to establish RID take place?
Ball State Teachers College in Muncie, Indiana
When did the first meeting to establish RID happen?
June 16, 1964
Who founded Gallaudet University?
Edward Gallaudet
When did RID begin evaluating interpreters?
1972
What was the conference that banned sign language?
Milan Conference
What year did the Milan conference take place?
1880
Philosophy that treats Deaf people as incapable and may move out of role of interpreting to advise, direct, teach, or console Deaf and Hearing consumers.
The Helper Model
Philosophy that interpreters presence don’t influence dynamics of the setting likening themselves to a telephone wire, simply relaying information.
The Conduit (machine) Model
Philosophy that began taking into account clothing colors, lighting, placement, indicates who is speaking etc to better accommodate the Deaf consumers vision.
Communication Facilitation
Philosophy that is aware of inherent differences in language, culture, and norms. In knowing such doesn’t match word for word but instead culturally and linguistically mediates for equivalence.
Bicultural Bilingual (Bi-Bi)
The deliberate use of words, signs or phrases that can be interpreted in more than one way in order to mislead someone
Equivocal Language
Telling a friend their hair is “different” instead of saying you dont like their hair is an example of:
Equivocal or Euphemistic Language
Equivocal Language
The use of socially acceptable terms and phrases in place of blunt, descriptive ones
Euphemistic Language
Saying “I’m going to the ladies room “ instead of “I’m going to take a piss”
Equivocal or Euphemistic
Euphemistic Language
The degrees of imperfections in communication. Less specific Language
Abstract Language
A statement in which the person or thing performing the action is not overtly stated.
Passive voice
“The car was wrecked” Passive or Active?
Passive
A statement in which the person or thing performing the action is explicitly stated.
Active Voice
“Mikey wrecked the car” Passive or Active?
Active
Qualifiers that weaken the statement being made
Hedges
“I’m a little nervous”
Hedge or Hesitation
Hedge
Fillers preceding and during and utterance
Hesitations
“I like uhh feel like umm its possible”
Hedge or Hesitation
Hesitation
Unnecessary modifiers added to an utterance which obscures the message.
Intensifiers
“It’s truly and absolute honor to meet you”
Intensifiers or Polite Form
Intensifier
Words and phrases used for more than simple politeness
Polite Forms
“Excuse me, I was wondering if you dont mind I mean I dont want to impose but could you help me?”
Intensifiers or Polite Forms
Polite Forms
Questions added to the end of statements.
tag questions
Upward inflection at the end of a statement to make it sound like a question.
Up talk
Qualifying phrases which weaken the validity of the statement being made
Disclaimers
“I don’t know but I think Red is imposter”
Disclaimer or Up Talk
Disclaimer
“You vented, didn’t you?”
Disclaimer or Tag question
tag question
“I’m kind of hOT.”
Up Talk or Disclaimer
Up talk
“Thank you so very much for meeting me today. I really appreciate it. I uh sorta need to discuss uh the terms of our contract if that okay with you?”
Powerful or Powerless Form
Powerless Form
I need an appointment with Mr. Choy, preferably sometime today or tomorrow
powerful or powerless form
powerful form
smallest unit of speech distinguishing one word (or word element) from another
phoneme
the smallest units in a language that has meaning.
morpheme
“Un” “Break” “Able” in unbreakable
Phoneme or Morpheme
Morpheme
“D” in “Dog”
Phoneme or Morpheme
Phoneme
A text that is the same each time it is rendered.
Frozen
Used when addressing a large group with no turn taking or linguistic interaction between the speaker and the audience.
Formal
One of the individuals communicating has ‘expert’ status
Consultative
Participants of equal status conversing
Casual/ Informal
Communication take takes place between two individuals that have a shared history experiential base that influences the dynamic
Intimate
What register is most likely used at Doctors appointment
Consultative
What register is most likely used at a wedding
Frozen
What register is most likely used at a graduation
Formal
What register is most likely used in the break room at work
Casual
What register is most likely used in your household
Intimate
What are the 5 parameters of ASL
Hand orientation Location Movement Hand shape Non- Manual Markers/ Facial Expression
2 signs that differ by only one parameter
Minimal Pairs
Mother and Father is an example of Minimal Pairs in ASL?
True or False
True
Boy and toy is an example of Minimal Pairs in ASL?
True or False?
False
NAOBI
national alliance of Black interpreters
AVLIC
association of visual language interpreters of Canada
RID
Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf
MCSC
Master Comprehensive Skills Certificate
Who are the two educators credited for establishing the RID?
Edgar Lowell and Ralph Hoag
A persons mother tongue
L1 or A- language
The second language a person learned
L2 or B- language
SL
Source language
TL
Target Language
Time interpreter uses to analyze SL before rendinging message in TL
Processing time or Decollage
Changing a frozen form message from one language to another
Sight Translation
The Deaf community are collectivists or individualists?
Collectivist
America is a collectivist or individualistic society?
Individualistic
What are the three environmental noises?
External
Physiological
Psychological
Type of environmental noise: Bubble guts and swamp ass
Physiological noise
Type of environmental noise: Glitching zoom call
External noise
Type of environmental noise: Panic Attack
Psychological Noise
Which tenet: Interpreters maintain ethical business practices
Tenet 6
Which tenet: Interpreters adhere to standards of confidential communication
Tenet 1
Which tenet: Interpreters demonstrate respect for colleagues, interns, and students of the profession.
Tenet 5
Which tenet: Interprets conduct themselves in a manner appropriate to the specific interpreting situation
Tenet 3
Which tenet: Interpreters posses the professional skills and knowledge required for the specific interpreting situation.
Tenet 2
Which tenet: Interpreters engage in professional development
Tenet 7
Which tenet: Interpreters demonstrate respect for consumers.
Tenet 4
Tenet 3
Interprets conduct themselves in a manner appropriate to the specific interpreting situation
Tenet 1
Interpreters adhere to standards of confidential communication
Tenet 7
Interpreters engage in professional development
Tenet 5
Interpreters demonstrate respect for colleagues, interns, and students of the profession.
Tenet 2
Interpreters posses the professional skills and knowledge required for the specific interpreting situation.
Tenet 4
Interpreters demonstrate respect for consumers.
Tenet 6
Interpreters maintain ethical business practices
WASLI
World Association of Sign language interpreters
What does ADA stand for and what year was it passed?
Americans with Disabilities Act in 1990
CI
Certificate of Interpretation
CT
Certificate of Transliteration
OTC
Oral Transliteration Certificate
SC: L
Specialist Certificate: Legal
CSC
Comprehensive Skills Certificate
SC:PA
Specialist Certificate: Performance Arts
EIPA
Educational Interpreter Performance Assessment
CEU
Continuing Education Units
CART
Communication Access Realtime Translation
AADB
American Association of the Deaf-Blind
NADC
National Asian Deaf Congress
NBDA
National Black Deaf Advocates
WFD
World Federation of the Deaf
Vocational Rehabilitation Act 1965 (PL 89-333)
Marked the beginning of paid services for interpreters and recognized ASL as a service for vocational rehab clients
Vocational Rehabilitation Act 1973 (PL 93-112)
Defines “handicapped individuals” and their rights. Mandates fully accessible rehabilitation services to members of all disability groups. This means that agencies and institutions receiving federal funds must be accessible - post secondary institutions, business, criminal, legal proceedings, and medical settings, etc. have to provide sign language interpreters and other forms of access accommodation.
When an interpreter relies on the interpreted message of another interpreter, like with a CDI or in multi-lingual teams
Relay Interpreting
IEP
Individual education Plan
IDEA old name
Education for all handicapped children Act of 1975 (PL 94-142)
What did IDEA do?
defined free and appropriate public education (FAPE) in the least restrictive environment (LRE) which led to larger mainstream programs
ADA
Americans with Disabilities Act
What year did the ADA pass?
1990
What did the ADA do? Title I, Title II, Title III
Title I- 15+ employees, must hire/provide access
Title II-Public entities and public transportation must provide access
Title III- Public accommodations and commercial entities
Court interpreters act of 1978 (PL 95-539)
Mandates use of certified interpreter in federal court
Sound Patterns/rules
Phonology
Sound production/transmission, how they are articulated and perceived.
Phonetics
“a group of people with a common characteristic or interest living together within a larger society
Community
Defines “handicapped individuals” and their rights. Mandates fully accessible rehabilitation services to members of all disability groups. This means that agencies and institutions receiving federal funds must be accessible - post secondary institutions, business, criminal, legal proceedings, and medical settings, etc. have to provide sign language interpreters and other forms of access accommodation.
Vocational Rehabilitation Act 1973 (PL 93-112)
Marked the beginning of paid services for interpreters and recognized ASL as a service for vocational rehab clients
Vocational Rehabilitation Act 1965 (PL 89-333)
defined free and appropriate public education (FAPE) in the least restrictive environment (LRE) which led to larger mainstream programs
IDEA
- Free and appropriate public education, including provision of related services such as occupational and physical therapy.
- An Individual Educational Plan (IEP) for each disabled child.
- Placement of disabled students in the Least Restrictive Environment (LRE).
- Thorough and fair evaluation to determine the extent of each child’s disability and his/her special educational needs.
- A system of procedural safeguards to allow the child, or parents/guardians of the child, to challenge school actions and decisions.
- law guarantees the right to an interpreter when appropriate for the deaf student in a public school setting
PL 94-142 The Education of All Handicapped Children Act of 1975. (IDEA)
101: Mandates the use of personnel trained in the use of the client’s native language or mode of communication.
304: federal funding for 12 IEPs and ITPs
PL 95-602 Rehabilitation Amendments of 1978: Sec. 101
Sec 304
Amendment to PL 94-142:
- Changes the title of the law to: the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act- IDEA.
- All references to “handicapped children” are changed to “children with disabilities”.
- Services are expanded to include “deaf-blind” children.
- Expands the requirements of the states as to personnel needs, including more specific data as to those needs and more specificity as to the appropriateness and adequacy of the personnel training and continuing education of the personnel who service these children.
PL 101-476 The Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments of 1990
Enacted by Congress and signed into law in 1990.
-improves upon Section 504.
Requires that all buildings, public and private programs and services, and employment be equally accessible to people with disabilities.
Reinforces the fact that public schools, as major institutions of the country, need to adopt this attitude, and certainly need to see that every disabled child has a right to equal access and equal opportunity.
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990
Disability access provisions relative to telecommunications equipment, as well as service and video programming.
(following an 8-10 yr transition program) 95% of new video programming and 75% of “old” programming must be closed captioned. (with some exceptions) All new television programs, including local news, weather, movies, children’s programming, and documentaries, will be required to come with closed captioning.
The Telecommunications Reforms Act of 1996
a term used to refer to a number of sign language systems that attempt to visually represent English by using its grammar and created or modified signs to represent English vocabulary; includes Signing Exact English (SEE) and Pidgin Signed English (PSE).
MANUALLY CODED ENGLISH (MCE)
MCE
Manually coded English
a term often used to refer to signing that occurs when deaf people and people who are not deaf interact; uses ASL vocabulary in English word order. This is also sometimes referred to as contact signing.
PSE
PSE
Pidgin signed English
a manual code for representing spoken English that follows English grammar and uses invented or modified signs to represent English vocabulary
SEE
SEE
Signed exact English
the act of changing a message from one form of a language to another form of the same language; in the field of sign language interpreting, this most commonly refers to changing spoken English into a visual form of English (see Manually Coded English, Pid
TRANSLITERATE
used to describe the size and shape of an object (or person). They can be used to represent the object itself, or the way the object moves
Classifiers
Facial expressions and body movements used to inflect signs. That means to change, influence, or emphasize the meaning of a sign or signed phrase
NMMs
NMMs
Non manual markers
an attitude based on pathological thinking that results in a negative stigma toward anyone who does not hear; it judges labels, and limits individuals on the basis of whether a person hears and speaks.
Audism
a set of guidelines that require an individual to develop effective decision making skills, a clear sense of a person’s beliefs and values, understand how society defines right/wrong, good/bad, and have the ability to apply all of this to spur of the moment
Code of Ethics
the process of interpreting into the target language after the speaker completes one or more ideas in the source language and pauses while the interpreter transmits that information; more accurate than simultaneous interpretation.
Consecutive Interpretation
the channel through which a message is expressed, specifically spoken or signed.
Modality
CASLI
Center for assessment of Sign language interpreters
Non dominate handshapes
5o Bas1c
Gallaudet University founded?
April 1864
