General Knowledge Flashcards
To revise and test general topic knowledge
What are the 6 criteria for TAC Vent
Inlet Air-track outlet Comms Covering jet BA Team
What are the 7 constraints for TAC Vent
4m ceilings Not above the 4th floor Not bigger than 200m square Not multi-compartment fires Casualty in exhaust Not when backdraught suspected Min 5 PPA trained personnel
What 5 roles must be TAC Vent Trained
IC
BA X 2
covering jet operator (vent?)
fan operator
What are the TAC Vent contra indicators?
No punch out at exhaust
Smoke continuing at the inlet
Smoke and flame at an unexpected exhaust
What are the conditions for BA rapid deployment?
People in need of urgent rescue and and are in view or close to the entry point
No more than 4 crew at the incident
No more than 2 BA wearers
When does Stage 1 BA procedure apply?
When it will not be a protracted incident
No more than 2 ECP
No more than 10 BA wearers in the risk area
When should you form a BA emergency team?
When there are six wearers in the risk area. They should be at the ECP and an ambulance should be requested.
Can you use guidelines in stage 1 BA procedure?
Yes - but not branch guidlelines
When does stage 2 BA procedure apply?
Protracted incidents More than 10 wearers More than 2 ECPs Branch guidlines need to be used There is any working with HART
When would BA Main control apply?
A large complicated incident
Where more than 1 stage 2 ECP is established
A large number of BA wearers
When does a BA emergency occur?
Wearer fails to return by TOW An DSU is heard Set fault or malfunction Unforeseen failure of comms causes concern When called by the IC/SC, ECO or ECPS
What type of BA Emergency requires additional resoures
Class 1
True or false, a rapid deployment requires a radio message to service control?
True
True or false, an ECPS supervisor is appointed in Stage 1 entry control?
True - an ECPS should be appointed as soon as possible
True or false - ECO’s and ECPS’s have assistants in Stage 2 entry control?
True - assistants can be appointed to both roles
What is the minimum rank of the ECPS?
Crew Manager
What is the role of the ECPS?
The ECPS needs to understand the information from the BA board and get a brief from the ECO
The ECPS should assume responsibility from the ECO for the command and control of BA teams
The ECPS should assume BA comms with all teams operating from that ECP
Record any new intelligence that is relevent
Brief any new teams entering through the ECP
What is the minimum rank for a BAMCO?
Watch Manager
What are the duties of the BAMCO?
To get a brief on tasks and risks from IC
Identify each ECP, ECO & ECPS and establish comms
Establish availability of BA resources and personnel
Work out the need for relief BA from each ECP
Get relief teams to each ECP 5 mins from requirement
Form an intelligence picture form the ECPS and ECPs
Decide on the number and formation of BA emergency teams
Appoint a BA servicing officer
What are the conditions for re-entry?
Must be a clearly defined task
Cylinder contents must be sufficient for the task
Must be a minimum of 140 bar
The wearer must be fit to complete the task
What is the distance the first vehicle should be from an RTC on a regular road
Ideally 50m to allow for a rescue tender to arrive
What are the 2 zones in the team approach?
2m and 5m
What are the six phases of the team approach to RTC?
Scene Assessment and Scene Safety Stabilisation and initial casualty access Glass management and tool prep Space creation Full access immobilisation and extrication
What should RTC rescues be?
safe, time effective and casualty centred.
What is the minimum stabilisation that should be applied to a vehicle?
5 points
On a motorway when the police or HA are not in attendence how far back should the second appliance stop and place a sign?
400m
What is the minimum safe working corridor at an RTC on a motorway or trunk road?
2m
Name six things to take into account in an Environmental Risk Assessment?
Nearby population Livestock Location of watercourses or sensitive groundwater Location of sensitive habitat local drainage Polluting materials Type and quantity of media volume and properties of any spilt materials Weather conditions
What is the model for pollution control?
The Source-Pathway-Receptor Model
Name 2 important pieces of environmental legislation for Fire and Rescue Services?
The Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2010 (EPR 2010) Environmental Damage (Prevention and Remediation) (England) Regulations 2015
What is the hierarchy of containment?
Containment at source Containment close to source Containment on the surface Containment in the drainage system Containment on or in a watercourse
What are the environmental impacts of firefighting foam?
Water pollution from;
de-oxygenation of the water
toxicity to aquatic life
accumulation of compounds and long term effects
What in terms of controls measures is SSRI?
Site Specific Risk Information
What is COMAH
Control of Major Accident Hazard Regulations 1999
Name 4 environmental control measures?
Containment Dilution Absorption Transportation Aeration Recycling Reduction Treatment Disposal
What is flashover?
the stage of a fire where TOTAL THERMAL RADIATION form the
FIRE PLUME,
HOT GASES and
HOT COMPARTMENT BOUNDARIES
causes all
EXPOSED COMBUSTIBLE SURFACES to
PYROLYSE (release flammable gases) and
IGNITE when there is adequate ventilation.
It is the SUDDEN and SUSTAINED transition from a growing fire to a fully developed fire.
What is BACKDRAUGHT?
Backdraught is where LIMITED VENTILATION can lead to a COMPARTMENT producing fire gases containing significant proportions of PARTIAL COMBUSTION PRODUCTS and UNBURNED PYROLYSATES. If these accumulate, the admission of air into the compartment when opened can lead to a SUDDEN DEFLAGRATION. which moves through the compartment and out of the opening.
What is a FIRE GAS IGNITION?
Fire Gas Ingnition occurs when gases from a compartment fire have leaked into an adjacent compartment and mixed with air. This mix may then fall within the appropriate flammable limits, which if ignited will create an increase in pressure, either with or without an explosive force. It is not necessary for an opening to be made for this to occur. If an explosive force is experienced this is commonly termed a SMOKE EXPLOSION. An ignition with much less pressure the term FLASH FIRE is appropriate
What are the 8 signs of flashover?
High heat conditions
Flaming combustion overhead
Ghosting tongues of flames
No water falling back after “gas cooling”
A sudden lowering of the smoke layer
The sound of breaking glass as windows fail
A change in smoke issueing (increased velocity and darkening in colour towards black)
The presence of light coloured smoke from pyrolysis
What are the 9 signs of backdraught?
Fire in tightly closed compartments
Darkened windows
Windows, doors and door handles hot to touch (back of hand)
Rattling sound or pulsating smoke
smoke being drawn into back into openings
Ghosting tongues of flame in the compartment
Turbulance in the smoke layer
Whistling or roaring sounds
Change to fast moving smoke exiting at high velocity as if under pressure
What is ventilation?
The removal of heated air, smoke and other contaminants from a structure or other location and their replacement with a supply of cooler cleaner air.
What are the benefits of ventilation?
Replenishing oxygen and reducing carbon monoxide
Controlling temperature and humidity
Removing moisture, dust and other contaminants
Improving visibility and aiding navigation
What is tactical ventilation?
The planned removal of heat and smoke from a structure on fire and their replacement with a supply of fresher air to allow other firefighting priorities.
What are the four possible objectives for tactical ventilation?
Improve survivability
Improve conditions for entry and search
Reduce potential for rapid fire development
Restrict fire and smoke damage to property
What are the two categories of ventilation
Natural ventilation Forced ventilation (mechanical means)
What types of ventilation are there
PPV NPV HVAC and Fire Engineered Systems Powered smoke and heat exhaust systems Horizontal ventilation Vertical ventilation Offensive Ventilation (close to and during) Defensive ventilation (away from or after) Uncontrolled ventilation
What are the types of uncontrolled ventilation?
Wind driven fire Coanda effect Piston effect Trench effect Stack effect Dust explosions
What are the two fundamental methods of conveying water to the fire ground?
Shuttles
Water relay
What are the two types of water relay?
Closed circuit
Open circuit
What are the four stages of a fire?
Incipient stage
Growth stage
Fully developed stage
Decay stage
What are the classes of fire?
Class A - ordinary combustible materials
Class B - flammable liquids, greases and gases
Class C - gases
Class D - Combustible metals (magnesium, titanium, sodium).
Class F - Combustible cooking fuels
How do fires spread and grow?
Direct contact
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
What two types of control are there on fire development and spread?
Ventilation controlled fires
Fuel controlled fires
