General Knowledge Flashcards
Ethanol chemical symbols
ETOH
C2H5OH
Production processes of Ethanol
Fermentation
and
Distillation
Common beer size
12 oz of fluid @ 5% alcohol equals .60 oz of pure alcohol
Glass of Wine size
5 oz of fluid @ 12% alcohol
Most abused drug in Canada
Alcohol
Absorption of alcohol with percentages.
20 % through the stomach walls
80% through the small intestine.
Significant difference between male and female( water content)
The average male is 68 % water
The average female is 55 % water
Enzyme that assists in metabolizing alcohol.
Alcohol Dehydrogenase
What does “Blood Alcohol concentration” mean
The number of milligrams of alcohol found in 100 milliliters of blood.
Every chemical that is an alcohol contains what three elements.
Hydrogen, Carbon, and Oxygen
Sign definition:
An observable or detectable indicator of drug influence
Symptom definition:
A subjective indicator of drug influence that is reported by the drug impaired subject.
The adjustment of the eyes for viewing at various distances. Meaning the pupils will automatically constrict as objects move closer and dilate as objects move further away.
Accommodation reflex
Three lighting standards in checks for pupil size
Room light
Near-total darkness
Direct light
When checking the pupil size with direct light how long do you hold the penlight in the subjects eye.
15 seconds
Pupillary unrest
The continuous irregular change in the size of the pupils that may be observed under room or steady light conditions.
Rebound dilation
A period of pupillary constriction followed by a period of pupillary dilation where the pupil steadily increases in size and does not return to its original constricted size.
Cannabis only
Miosis
Abnormally constricted pupil
Mydriasis
Abnormally dilated pupil
Average pupil size in room light
2.5mm to 5.0 mm
Average pupil size in near total darkness
5.00 to 8.5 mm
Average pupil size in direct light
2.0 to 4.5 mm
Reaction to Light is -
An assessment of how quickly the pupil contracts to its smallest size during the check of pupil size under direct light.
Three goals of the drug evaluation process.
- Establish that the subject is impaired.
- Rule out medical impairment.
- Determine the category or categories of drugs involved.
Pulse
The expansion and contraction of an artery generated by the pumping action of the heart
Pulse Rate
The number of pulsation in an artery per a minute
Basic do’s and don’t for measuring pulse
Don’t use your thumb to apply pressure while measuring a subject’s pulse
When measuring the pulse rate, use time intervals of 30 seconds.
Technical Terms associated with Pulse Rate:
Tachycardia
Abnormally rapid heart rate.
Technical Terms associated with Pulse Rate:
Bradycardia
Unusually slow heart rate
Technical Terms associated with Pulse Rate:
Arrhythmia
Abnormal heart rate rhythm.
Three pulse points used for DRE
Radial artery pulse point.
Brachial artery pulse point.
Carotid artery pulse point.
Device for measuring blood pressure.
Sphygmomanometer
Blood pressure measurement
Millimeters of mercury= mmHg
Blood pressure definition
The force that the circulating blood exerts on the walls of the arteries
Systolic pressure definition
The maximum blood pressure reached as the heart contracts
Diastolic pressure definition
The minimum pressure, reached when the heart is fully expanded.
The pressure relaxes.
Sphygmomanometer components
- Manometer( pressure gauge)
- Compression cuff
- Pressure control valve
- Pressure bulb
- Tubes