General Knowledge Flashcards
Rubber Glove Class 0 (color and max use voltage)
Red / 1,000 volts
Rubber Glove Class 1 (color and max use voltage)
White / 7,500 volts
Rubber Glove Class 2 (color and max use voltage)
Yellow / 17,000 volts
Rubber Glove Class 3 (color and max use voltage)
Green / 26,500 volts
Rubber Glove Class 4 (color and max use voltage)
Orange / 36,000 volts
MAD distance .05 to 1kV
phase to ground
phase to phase
avoid contact
MAD distance up to 15kV
phase to ground
phase to phase
phase to ground 2’ 1”
phase to phase 2’ 2”
MAD distance up to 36kV
phase to ground
phase to phase
phase to ground 2’ 4”
phase to phase 2’ 7”
MAD distance up to 46kV
phase to ground
phase to phase
phase to ground 2’ 7”
phase to phase 2’ 10”
MAD distance up to 72.5kV
phase to ground
phase to phase
phase to ground 3’
phase to phase 3’ 6”
how often rubber gloves electrically tested
every 6 months
how often rubber sleeves electrically tested
every 12 months
how many volts have a class “E” hard hat passed for
20,000 volts
minimum continuous ventilation in an enclosed space
at least 200 cubic feet per minute per occupant
define instantaneous value of AC voltage
the actual value of the voltage and current at each instant in the cycle. this value is not measured with an ordinary meter.
define peak value of AC voltage
is the highest instantaneous value that the voltage and current reach in both directions during the cycle.
define average value of AC voltage
is obtained by calculating the average of all the instantaneous values in half a cycle.
define effective value of AC voltage
is the value of a DC and voltage that would have the same heating effect.
active power is also referred to as?
effective power, true power, or real power
apparent power is?
the total power supplied be a circuit. apparent power is a combination of active power and reactive power.
reactive power is?
the element in the apparent power formula that does not do any work.
power factor is?
the ratio of active power to apparent power
which side of a wood pole is its “face”
the concave or inside of the sweep or bow
which side of a wood pole is its “back”
the convex side
where does framing and equipment go a wood pole?
the face of the pole
whats blue glad hands used for
service lines
whats red glad hands used for
emergency lines
minimum tie down distance for trailer loads
10 feet
2 copper MAC ampacity
230 amps
1/0 copper MAC ampacity
310 amps
2/0 copper MAC ampacity
355 amps
4/0 copper MAC ampacity
480 amps
carbon in oil of transformer is an indication of what
arching
formula for conductor weight on a pole
weight = span a + span b divided by 2 x weight per foot x safety factor.
the safety factor is 2 for spans 250 feet or less
the safety factor is 1.5 for spans greater than 250 feet
how many volts per foot is hot sticks tested to
100,000 volts
what is the Working Load Limit WLL based on
breaking strength of the equipment divided by a safety factor
safe working load limit for 1/4” manila rope
120lbs
when was PCB’s banned by the EPA
1979
what should you do to Aluminum bolts and can they be re torqued
lube, no
spoil piles must be kept at least _ feet from the edge of a trench. anything within that must be added to ___ _____ __ ___ ______.
2 feet, the depth of the trench
you can rubber glove a maximum of ___ volts phase to phase directly off the pole without an insulated platform
5KV
a magnet is normally made out of
iron
a volt meter is connected in series/parallel with a circuit
parallel
a watt meter is connected in series/parallel with a circuit
series
an ammeter is connected in series/parallel with a circuit
series
a mill measures how much of an inch?
one/one thousandth of an inch .001
rectifiers do what?
change DC to AC
of these rope materials, which is the strongest nylon polypropylene manila sisal
nylon
how do you determine the mechanical advantage of a block and tackle
count the number of lines in the moving block
bucket trucks operate on what type of hydraulic system?
open and closed
digger trucks operate on what type of hydraulic system?
open and closed
T/F, it is ok to check the hydraulic fluid of the y-35 hand pump in the field?
no false
pole strength is determined by what?
strength to resist loads applied 2 ft. from top of pole
what 3 things determine pole depth?
height of pole, soil characteristics, weight and pull factors
in step regulator the primary winding is connected in ________ with the line while secondary winding is connected in _________ with the line
Parallel, series
the top changer switch in a regulator is _______driven and immersed in _____
motor, oil
name 2 factors to take into consideration when sagging conductor
temperature, span length, size of conductor
what’s the purpose of armor rod?
reinforce conductor and reduce chafing
what is the hazard of a broken series street light circuit?
the constant current transformer could be at maximum voltage output
how do you test an old pole to make sure it is safe to climb?
visual inspection, sound inspection and a bore inspection (18 inches beneath the ground)
why are the metallic cases of transformers, circuit breakers, regulators, etc, grounded?
for the protection of public, workers, and equipment.
how are primary and secondary windings of a transformer coupled?
magnetically coupled through mutual induction
adding parallel loads to a circuit will _______ total circuit resistance and ________ the total circuit current
decrease, increase
how does an analog meter operate?
on the magnetic principal that like poles repel each other
what are the two basic types of analog ohmmeters?
series and shunt
name 2 advantages for 4 wire feeders over 3 wire feeders?
cheaper to build, more efficient
what is used to prevent a series street light form being completely interrupted by a burnt out lamp?
film disc cutout
what should always be done before opening a series street light circuit?
drop all load and take constant current transformer out of service
why must you be careful to adequately ground neutral conductors
so fault current dissipates before causing damage to cable or equipment
what moves the windings apart on a constant current transformer?
magnetic repulsion
how do you find the circular mil cross area of wire from the diameter in inches?
convert inches to mils (move decimal point 3 places to right) square that number
what are substation disconnects used for?
isolate equipment , by-pass equipment, transfer loads, and as a grounding device
maximum current to be broken by a disconnect switch?
50 amps
a primary metering installation has a current transformer with a 30:5 ration and a potential transformer with a 7200:120 ratio. to find the KWH consumed you must
multiply the meter dial reading by 360.
divide the two ratios and multiply them together
wye delta and delta wye banks must be connected with one of two possible angular displacements. these angular displacements are either?
30 or 210
what are the 4 possible angular displacement with transformer banks?
0, 30, 180, 210 degrees
how should poles face on a steep grade?
face up the grade
should poles next to a street crossings face the street?
yes
what is meant by ranking a pole?
moving a pole against the direction of the strain
name 3 types of pole roofs
slant, gable, flat
the side of the pole which has the longest concave sweep between the ground line and the point of the load
face or belly
gains should be cut into what side of the pole?
face
how deep should gains be?
1/2 and inch
an arm that is placed at right angles to a line arm is called a
buck arm
a class 2 pole is _______ than a class 6 pole
larger
ground rods should be long enough to reach the _______ moisture level of the soil?
permanent
what are two types of counterpoise grounding?
continuous (parallel)
crowfoot (radial)
list two methods to test if a line is dead before installing protective grounds?
high voltage volt meter
tic tracer
33,000 foot-pounds per minute is equal to one
horsepower
when properly sharpened, the gaff should not have a spike point, but should function as a
chisel
what is the definition of power?
the rate at which work is done
define a guy
a brace or cable attached to the pole to strengthen it and keep it in position
when you visually inspect rubber gloves what are you looking for?
correct voltage (dielectric strength) for application to be used on, ozone cutting, and mechanical damage
which winding of a constant current transformer is movable?
secondary
what must be done to the secondary side of a current transformer before heating up the primary side?
shorted, shunted, or hooked up
if you don’t short or shunt or hook up the secondary side of a CT before heating up the primary side what will happen?
high circulating current will appear
the polarity mark of an instrument transformer is normally connected to what side?
load side
in general what are transformer used for metering installations called?
instrument transformers
what is the white bushing of an instrument transformer?
polarity mark
typical rule for capacitor placement
2/3 of the distance where the voltage has dropped by 2/3
how are distribution and substation capacitors connected?
distribution - parallel
substation - series
two types of capacitors are
switched and fixed
volt =
amount of potential that will cause 1 coulomb to do 1 joule of work
three types of hydraulic reclosers and ratings
H- type operates 5 to 50 amps
L - type operates 25 to 280 amps
D - type are voltage specific
which rope is considered an insulator?
clean dry polypropylene rope
two types of transformer construction?
core type and shell, shell most common
how should a one bushing capacitor be treated
it should be treated as a one bushing transformer, due to improper grounding the case can become hot
do capacitors have voltage ratings?
yes
can a 6 CKVA capacitor bank consist of 6 - 100 CKVA capacitors?
yes
what is a megger?
a device used for testing high voltage insulation resistance
define air arrestor
air gap in series with a resistor
what are the three methods used to cool a transformer?
oil, air and water
what current are constant current transformers usually fixed at?
6.6 amps
whats an OTDR
optical time delay reflectometer, used to test fiber
list the three major components of an implosive compression splice for an ACSR conductor
steel sleeve inner, aluminum sleeve outer, aluminum sleeve
what is a maximeter?
a clamp on ammeter having two indicating pointers, one indicates the current at the time of the reading and the other indicates the maximum current since instillation
does the load on a capacitor ever change?
NO, always draws the same amount of current
how does a capacitor improve power factor and voltage?
by providing leading current
why must gas treated poles be set with extra caution?
they can conduct as much as 90% to ground
can a line be without load and still carry a current?
yes this is called charging current
what 3 physical dimensions determine pole classification?
length, circ, 6 ft from bottom, and circ. of top
T/F , in parallel operation, the transformer with the higher impedance will carry the greater load
false, higher impedance = more resistance
what 2 main parts is OSHA made of
29 CFR (code of federal regulations) 1910 for general industry and 1926 for construction
what OSHA article is a performance standard to address employees who are directly involved with power generation, transmission and distribution
1910.269 standard
what OSHA article covers job briefings?
1910.269(c)
what OSHA article covers lockout/tagout?
1910.269(d)
what OSHA article covers enclosed spaces?
1910.269(e)
what OSHA article covers personal protective equipment?
1910.269(g)
what OSHA article cover live line tools?
1910.269(j)
what OSHA article covers working on or near exposed live line parts?
1910.269(l)
what OSHA article covers minimum approach distances?
1910.269(l)(2)
what OSHA article covers grounding for the protection of the employees?
1910.269(n)
how many IBEW vice presidential districts are there?
11
how many IBEW International
Executive Council Districts
8
how often does the IBEW international convention meet
every 5 years
who was the first president of the IBEW?
Henry Miller
when was the IBEW organized?
November 28, 1891
AC sine wave represents one cycle and is ___ electrical degreese, with max value of ____ degreese and a opposite max value of _____ degreese
360, 90, 270
a low power factor due to lagging current condition can be improved by?
adding capacitors to the line (ELI) inductive circuit needs capacitance to improve power factor
the use of insulating equipment such as _____ ______ can protect line workers handling grounded equipment and conductors from hazardous touch potentials
rubber gloves
____ _________ adjust voltage plus or minus 10%, they have __ boost and __ buck at _% each step
step regulators, 16, 16, 5/8%
substation controlling equipment receives the signals sent from the sensing equipment, examples of controlling equipment are an __________ relay that operates a circuit breaker, or a ______ relay that can make a tap changer operate.
overcurrent relay, voltage
OSHA requires a protection system for employees in a excavation 5’ or more. what are the four choices for protection?
benching, sloping, shoring, or shielding
some switch gear can be overcurrent protective device, other examples could be: circuit breaker, recloser, or a _____ ___ ___ (sectionalizer could also be a correct anwer)
fused cut out
rubber hose and blankets max phase to phase rating of 36kV are class __
4 orange, (rubber cover up ratings parallel the same ratings as rubber gloves)
a conductor with diameter of 1” would convert to how many kc mils?
1000 kc mills
a 250 kc mill cable is ____ “ in diameter?
.25 or 1/4” in diameter
definition of hypotenuse?
the longest side of a right triangle, opposite the right angle.
transformer ______ ratios and transformer _____ ratios are directly proportional
voltage and turns ratios
closed wye wye or closed delta delta can have one of two angular displacements?
0 degrees, 180 degrees
closed wye delta or closed delta wye can have one of two angular displacement?
30 degrees, 210 degrees
an ____ ___________ is a type of transformer with a single tapped high voltage winding. they are often used in transmission substations for 230kV to 161kV transformation
auto transformer
step type voltage regulator are a type of auto transformer with primary winding connected ________ with the line and the secondary winding connected _____ with the load
primary connected parallel, secondary connected series
fall arrest equipment, work positioning equipment, or travel restricting equipment must be used by workers at elevated positions more than _ ____ above ground on poles, towers and similar structures unless the individual is a qualified climber who is free climbing to change location on the structure.
4 feet
work from a platform attached to a pole at an elevation greater than _ ____ from surrounding elevations requires the use of appropriate fall protection at all times while working from the platform
6 feet
live line tools constructed of FRP (fiberglass-reinforced plastic) must be able to successfully withstand _______ volts per foot
100,000 volts
a means of egress such as a stairway, ladder, ramp or similar, must be located in trench excavations that are _ ____ or more in depth so as to require no more than __ ____ of lateral travel
4 feet or more, 25 feet of lateral travel
a _________ ______, as defined by OSHA, is someone who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings, or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them
competent person
