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Rocks > General Knowledge > Flashcards

General Knowledge Flashcards

1
Q

What is the hardest mineral on the Mohs scale?

A

Diamond

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2
Q

What type of rock forms from the cooling of magma or lava?

A

Igneous rock

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3
Q

What is the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller pieces by physical or chemical means?

A

Weathering

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4
Q

Which mineral is commonly used in pencils?

A

Graphite

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5
Q

What is the term for the process of transforming sediment into solid rock?

A

Lithification

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6
Q

True or False: Marble is a metamorphic rock.

A

True

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7
Q

What mineral is commonly found in granite?

A

Quartz

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8
Q

What type of rock is formed by the accumulation and compression of sediment?

A

Sedimentary rock

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9
Q

What is the most abundant mineral in the Earth’s crust?

A

Feldspar

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10
Q

What is the term for the process of rocks changing form due to heat and pressure?

A

Metamorphism

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11
Q

What type of rock is formed from the alteration of existing rocks by heat and pressure?

A

Metamorphic rock

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12
Q

What is the term for the process of rocks being moved from one place to another?

A

Erosion

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13
Q

What is the term for the breaking of rocks into smaller pieces without changing their composition?

A

Mechanical weathering

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14
Q

What is the term for the breaking down of rocks through chemical reactions?

A

Chemical weathering

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15
Q

What type of rock is formed from the cooling and solidification of molten rock?

A

Igneous rock

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16
Q

What mineral is commonly found in limestone?

A

Calcite

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17
Q

True or False: Basalt is an igneous rock.

A

True

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18
Q

What is the process by which sediments are pressed together to form rock?

A

Compaction

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19
Q

What mineral is commonly found in sandstone?

A

Quartz

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20
Q

What type of rock is formed by the accumulation of organic material?

A

Organic rock

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21
Q

What is the term for the process of rocks being dissolved by water or acids?

A

Dissolution

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22
Q

What is the term for the removal of dissolved minerals from rocks by water?

A

Leaching

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23
Q

What mineral is commonly found in granite and gneiss?

A

Feldspar

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24
Q

What is the process of identifying rocks, agates, and minerals called?

A

Lapidary

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25
Q

True or False: Agates are a type of rock.

A

False

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26
Q

What is the term for the outer appearance of a mineral?

A

Luster

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27
Q

What is the scale used to measure the hardness of minerals?

A

Mohs scale

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28
Q

What type of rock is formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava?

A

Igneous rock

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29
Q

What is the term for the process by which minerals are formed in the Earth’s crust?

A

Crystallization

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30
Q

What is the term for the color of a mineral when it is powdered?

A

Streak

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31
Q

What is the term for the way a mineral breaks when it is fractured?

A

Cleavage

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32
Q

What is the term for a rock that is composed of different minerals?

A

Sedimentary rock

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33
Q

What is the term for a rock that has undergone changes due to heat and pressure?

A

Metamorphic rock

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34
Q

What is the term for the study of rocks and minerals?

A

Geology

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35
Q

What is the term for a rock that is formed from the accumulation and cementation of sediments?

A

Sedimentary rock

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36
Q

What is the term for the appearance or quality of a mineral’s surface?

A

Texture

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37
Q

What is the term for the process by which minerals are dissolved in water and then recrystallize?

A

Precipitation

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38
Q

What is the term for the way light interacts with the surface of a mineral?

A

Reflectance

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39
Q

What is the term for a rock that is formed from the solidification of molten rock material?

A

Igneous rock

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40
Q

What is the term for the color of a mineral when it is viewed in its natural state?

A

Color

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41
Q

What is the term for the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller pieces?

A

Weathering

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42
Q

What is the term for the process by which rocks are transported and deposited by wind, water, or ice?

A

Erosion

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43
Q

What is the term for the process by which sediments are transformed into solid rock?

A

Lithification

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44
Q

What is the hardest mineral on the Mohs scale?

A

Diamond

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45
Q

What type of rock is formed from cooled and solidified magma or lava?

A

Igneous rock

46
Q

Which mineral is commonly used in making countertops due to its hardness and durability?

A

Quartz

47
Q

What is the main component of limestone?

A

Calcium carbonate

48
Q

True or False: Marble is a type of metamorphic rock.

A

True

49
Q

What is the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller pieces called?

A

Weathering

50
Q

Which type of rock is formed from the accumulation of organic remains?

A

Sedimentary rock

51
Q

What is the most common mineral found in the Earth’s crust?

A

Feldspar

52
Q

What property of a mineral describes its resistance to being scratched?

A

Hardness

53
Q

What is the color of pure gold?

A

Yellow

54
Q

What is the process by which rocks are changed by heat and pressure within the Earth’s crust?

A

Metamorphism

55
Q

What is the main component of granite?

A

Quartz, feldspar, and mica

56
Q

Which mineral is commonly used in pencils due to its softness?

A

Graphite

57
Q

What is the process by which sediment is turned into rock?

A

Lithification

58
Q

What is the term for the arrangement of minerals within a rock?

A

Texture

59
Q

What is the main component of sandstone?

A

Sand-sized grains of minerals and rock fragments

60
Q

True or False: Diamonds are formed from compressed coal.

A

False

61
Q

Which mineral is commonly used in electronic devices due to its ability to conduct electricity?

A

Copper

62
Q

What is the term for the study of rocks and minerals?

A

Geology

63
Q

What is the process by which liquid rock cools and solidifies?

A

Crystallization

64
Q

What is the main component of basalt?

A

Plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene

65
Q

What is the term for the process of rocks being moved from one place to another?

A

Erosion

66
Q

True or False: Granite is an example of an extrusive igneous rock.

A

False

67
Q

Which type of rock is formed from the alteration of existing rock by heat and pressure?

A

Metamorphic rock

68
Q

What is the process of identifying stones and agates based on their physical and chemical properties called?

A

Mineral identification

69
Q

True or False: Agates are a type of precious stone.

A

False

70
Q

What is the term for a stone composed of a single mineral?

A

Monomineralic

71
Q

What is the term for a stone composed of multiple minerals?

A

Polymineralic

72
Q

What is the term for the color of a stone’s powder when it is scratched against a porcelain plate?

A

Streak color

73
Q

What is the term for the way a stone breaks when fractured?

A

Cleavage

74
Q

What is the term for the way a stone breaks along irregular surfaces?

A

Fracture

75
Q

What is the term for the measure of a stone’s resistance to scratching?

A

Hardness

76
Q

What is the scale commonly used to measure the hardness of stones and minerals?

A

Mohs scale

77
Q

What is the term for the way a stone reflects light from its surface?

A

Reflectance

78
Q

What is the term for the vividness of color in a stone?

A

Saturation

79
Q

What is the term for the presence of bands or layers in a stone?

A

Banding

80
Q

What is the term for the process of examining the internal structure of a stone using a microscope?

A

Thin section analysis

81
Q

What is the term for the process of identifying a stone based on its physical and optical properties?

A

Optical mineralogy

82
Q

What is the term for a stone that has a distinctive pattern or coloration?

A

Agate

83
Q

What is the term for the process of cutting a stone and polishing it to reveal its internal structure?

A

Lapidary

84
Q

What is the term for the process of identifying a stone based on its chemical composition?

A

Chemical analysis

85
Q

What is the term for the process of identifying a stone based on its isotopic composition?

A

Isotope analysis

86
Q

What is the term for the process of identifying a stone based on its crystal structure?

A

Crystallography

87
Q

What is the term for the process of identifying a stone based on its density?

A

Density measurement

88
Q

What is the term for the process of identifying a stone based on its magnetic properties?

A

Magnetic susceptibility

89
Q

What is the term for the process of identifying a stone based on its electrical conductivity?

A

Electrical resistivity

90
Q

What is the term for the process of identifying a stone based on its radioactivity?

A

Radioactivity measurement

91
Q

What is the process of rocks breaking down into smaller pieces called?

A

Weathering

92
Q

Which type of rock forms from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava?

A

Igneous rock

93
Q

What type of rock is formed from the compaction and cementation of sediment?

A

Sedimentary rock

94
Q

What is the process of rocks changing form due to heat, pressure, or chemical reactions called?

A

Metamorphism

95
Q

Which type of rock is formed from the alteration of existing rock through heat and pressure?

A

Metamorphic rock

96
Q

What is the most abundant mineral group in Earth’s crust?

A

Silicates

97
Q

What is the hardest mineral on the Mohs scale?

A

Diamond

98
Q

What is the scale used to measure the hardness of minerals called?

A

Mohs scale

99
Q

What is the color of a mineral in powdered form called?

A

Streak

100
Q

What is the term for the arrangement of mineral grains in a rock?

A

Texture

101
Q

What is the term for the size, shape, and arrangement of mineral grains in a rock?

A

Grain size

102
Q

What is the term for the alignment of mineral grains in a rock?

A

Foliation

103
Q

What is the term for the ability of a mineral to split along flat planes?

A

Cleavage

104
Q

What is the term for the way a mineral breaks when it does not exhibit cleavage?

A

Fracture

105
Q

What is the term for the resistance of a mineral to being scratched?

A

Hardness

106
Q

What is the term for the specific gravity of a mineral compared to the weight of an equal volume of water?

A

Density

107
Q

What is the term for the way a mineral reacts to acid?

A

Effervescence

108
Q

What is the term for the arrangement of atoms in a mineral’s crystal structure?

A

Crystal lattice

109
Q

What is the term for the deposition of sediment transported by wind, water, or ice?

A

Sedimentation

110
Q

What is the term for the process of compacting sediment into solid rock?

A

Lithification

Rocks (1 decks)

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