Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry > General Knowledge > Flashcards

General Knowledge Flashcards

1
Q

Metallic Bonding

A

The electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

HN03
HCL
H2SO4

A

HN03- Nitric Acid
HCL- Hydrochloric acid
H2SO4- Sulphuric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why can metals conduct electricity

A

Deloсaliased electrons carry electrical charge through the metal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name key terms associated with electrolysis

A

Electrolyte, Cathode, Cation, Anion, Anode

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why do simple covalent compounds have low melting + boiling points

A

Weak intermolecular forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why do simple covalent compounds have low melting + boiling points

A

Weak intermolecular forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 2 Non-Metals on the reactivity series

A

Carbon and Hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What side of the periodic table are metals found?

A

Left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is displacement

A

More reactive element replaces a less reactive element in a compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What ion is present in acids?

A

Hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Compare strong + weak acids

A

Strong acids dissociate completely, weak acids dissociate partially

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a cation

A

Ion with a positive charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is an Anion

A

Ion with a negative charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is corrosion

A

When metal degrades due to reaction with the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define metallic bonding

A

Electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions + delocalised electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why are life cycle assessments necessary

A

Helps work out the environmental impact of a product, from raw materials to disposal of the product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is an electrolyte

A

A substance that breaks up into ions when it is dissolved in water or body fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is an electrolyte

A

An ionic compound that breaks up into ions when it is dissolved in water or body fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Define electrolysis

A

Process of using electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Are metal ions positively or negatively charged

A

Positively charged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What happens during the electrolysis of copper sulphate

A

Copper ions gain electrons and deposited as metal coppers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Why is carbon dioxide a gas even at low temperatures

A

Weak intermolecular form low energy required to break them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What happens to the reactivity in a group 1 alkali metal

A

Increases further down the group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What happens to the reactivity in a group 7 halogen

A

Increases further up the group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Why does reactivity increase furthers down the group 1 alkali metals

A

The outer electron is getting further away from the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

In a group 1 alkali metal is the attraction higher or lower

A

Lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

In a group 1 alkali metal is the outer electron easier to gain or lose

A

Lose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What happens when a halogen reacts with an alkali metal

A

Called a halide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is an ion

A

An atom or group of atoms that has an electrical charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is electrostatic interaction

A

Attractive force between objects with opposite electrical charges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Why do giant ionic substances have high melting points and boiling points

A

Large amounts of energy needed to break the many bonds

32
Q

Why can’t giant ionic substances conduct electricity as a solid

A

No as ions can’t move

33
Q

Why can giant ionic substance conduct electricity when melted and dissolved

A

Ions are free to move

34
Q

What force hold ions together in a giant ionic substance

A

Electrostatic

35
Q

What are 2 properties of giant ionic substances

A

Strong bonds, High melting points

36
Q

Ionic bonding

A

Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

37
Q

What is a covalent bond

A

The sharing of electrons

38
Q

What is a neutralisation reaction

A

Acid and alkali react

39
Q

Name the 6 stages of titration

A
  1. Use a pipette to measure a fixed volume of alkali and put in a flask
  2. Add a few drops of indicator into the flask and put flask on a white tile
  3. Fill a burette with a dilute acid of a known concentration
  4. Add acid from the burette and swirl the flask
  5. Repeat
  6. Write down the volume
40
Q

What is collision theory

A

Explains how reactions happen
Particles must collide with enough activation energy to react
More particles that have activation energy more frequent and successful collisions there will be + higher rate of reaction

41
Q

What is an endothermic reaction

A

A chemical proved that absorbs heat from its surroundings with a decreasing temperature

42
Q

What is an exothermic reaction

A

A chemical reaction that releases energy by light or heat with an increasing temperature

43
Q

What is the difference between chemical and physical changes in reactions

A

Physical alters the state size or shape of a substance a reversible change
Chemical creates a new substance by combining existing substances irreversible changes

44
Q

what does the term equilibrium mean

A

A state in which opposing forces are balanced

45
Q

What 3 things happen when hydrocarbon chains get longer

A

Boiling point increases
Thickness increases
Flammability decreases

46
Q

Alkanes burn completely in oxygen to form which 2 products

A

Hydrogen
Carbon dioxide

47
Q

Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated

A

Saturated

48
Q

What’s the general formula of an alkane with an example

A

CnH2n+2 propane

49
Q

Are alkenes saturated or unsaturated and what is the general formula with an example

A

Unsaturated
CnH2n, ethane

50
Q

What does cracking mean

A

Breaking down long hydrocarbons into smaller more shorter molecules with heat and a catalyst

51
Q

What is the process by which we separate crude oil into useful components

A

Fractional distillation

52
Q

Stages of crude oil making

A
  1. Heat it until it turns into a gas
    2.Gas rises into fractionating column
  2. Separate due to diverse boiling points
  3. Condense at different temperatures
53
Q

Why do atoms have no overall charge

A

Have the same number of protons and electrons
Protons positive and electrons negative

54
Q

How to tell atomic number

A

Number of protons and electrons (bottom number)

55
Q

How to work out number of neutrons

A

Mass number (top)- number of protons

56
Q

What is an isotope

A

Same atomic number but different mass number

57
Q

Which number is the relative atomic mass

A

The larger one

58
Q

What is the composition of the atmosphere today

A

Nitrogen 78%
Oxygen 21%
Other gases 1%

59
Q

2 ways the amount of co2 has decreased from the early atmosphere

A

Photosynthesis
Sedimentary rocks

60
Q

1 way the amount of O2 increased from the early atmosphere

A

Photosynthesis by plants and algae

61
Q

Name 3 greenhouse gases

A

Co2, Methane and Water Vapur.

62
Q

2 human activities that have increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

A

Deforestation
Burning fossil fuels

63
Q

3 ways carbon footprint can be reduced

A

Walk or bike to work
Insulate your house
Buy meat and fish from a sustainable source

64
Q

What are the 5 stages of the greenhouse effect

A
  1. The sun emits short wavelength radiation which passes through the atmosphere to earth
  2. The earth absorbs the short wave length radiation
  3. The earth remits long wavelength radiation
  4. Greenhouse gases absorb the long wavelength radiation
  5. Greenhouse gases re- radiate the long wavelength radiation in all directions
65
Q

What is an ion and how is it formed

A

An atom or group of atoms that has an electrical charge and must gain or lose an electron

66
Q

What is the formula for :
Magnesium chloride
Calcium sulphide
Lithium oxide

A

Mgcl2
CaS
Li2O

67
Q

What holds the ions together in a giant ionic lattice

A

Strong ionic bond and electrostatic forces

68
Q

Why do ionic compounds have high MPs and BPs

A

Large amounts of energy is needed to break the many strong bonds

69
Q

Why can ionic compounds only conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in water

A

The ionic lattice is broken down allowing the ions to move freely

70
Q

What does the Haber process produce and why is it so important around the world

A

Ammonia, which is used as fertiliser in industries worldwide.

71
Q

What is the pressure needed for the Haber process

A

200 atmospheres (ATM)

72
Q

Why is the Haber Process a reversible reaction.

A

An equilibrium is achieved and the arrow is there

73
Q

What are the 2 starting chemicals in the Haber Processs and where do we get them from

A

Nitrogen (extracted from the air)
Hydrogen (obtained by natural gas)

74
Q

What temperature is needed for the Haber Process

A

450 °C

75
Q

What is the catalyst needed for the Haber Process

A

Iron

Chemistry (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions