General knowledge Flashcards
What does a low Fst score mean?
The populations are very similar
Evidence for recent out of africa
- genetic dating suggests it happened recently (-60-100 kya)
- higher diversity in african populations
- overall low diversity in humans
what are the steps towards human evolution
- Reduced canines
- Bipedalism
- stone tool use
- change in life history
- Long distance running/throwing
what environments supported evolution towards humans
wetlands to savannahs
what are the proxies for paleoenvironments
- stable isotopes from tooth enamel
- faunal
- ecomorphology
carbon isotope proxies
isotope compositions are determined by environments
if zebra teeth have specific isotope composition, reflects the isotopic composition of the plants it was eating
faunal proxies
specific animals only exist in specific environments
if a grass grazer animal fossil is found, suggests grassland environment during its time
ecomorphology proxies
the shapes of fossil bones suggests what kind of environment its in
rocky environments need specific type of knee, etc.
problems with recent out of africa model
it suggests that neanderthal and denisovans did not interact with H. sapiens
when did humans and neanderthals split
270 - 440 kya
what does a high D score in ABBA BABA test mean
large difference between measured populations
denisovan age
50 - 30 kya
what evidence is there for neanderthal and H. sapien introgression
Nuclear DNA, mtDNA does not contain evidence for neanderthal introgression
Sima conflict
mtDNA suggests that Sima specimen are closer to denisovans
nucDNA suggests that Sima specimen are closer to neanderthals
when did neandethal and H. sapien introgression occur
60 - 50 kya
