General Knowledge Flashcards
Which implant(s) are considered to be auxiliary implants?
Intramedullary pin
Cerclage wire
Interlocking nail
K-wire
Bone plate
External skeletal fixator
Intramedullary pin,
K-wire,
Cerclage wire
A low Fracture Assessment Score indicates which of the following?
Select one or more:
To expect rapid healing
To consider extra strong implants
To consider a bone graft
To consider a bone graft,
To consider extra strong implants
When should you take a bacterial swab, when dealing with open fractures?
After flushing before dressing
Which of the following aspects are considered during fracture classification?
Select one or more:
Profession
Age of animal
Age of fracture
Displacement
Cause
Stability
Function
Stability,
Displacement,
Age of fracture,
Cause
Which of the following treatments are suitable options for the left femoral fracture of feline patient?
Lag screw fixation
External skeletal fixation
Bone plate and intramedullary pin
Conservative management
External skeletal fixation,
Bone plate and intramedullary pin
Which of the following strategies belong to the principles of articular fracture repair?
Select one or more:
Anatomic reconstruction of the articular surface.
Rigid external fixation.
Strict immobilisation.
Interfragmentary compression.
Anatomic reconstruction of the articular surface.,
Rigid external fixation.,
Interfragmentary compression.
In order to avoid the sciatic nerve when applying in IM pin in normograde fashion into the femur, the leg of a cat should be held:
Adducted
Coxofemoral extension
The tension side of the femur is:
Lateral
The correct order, when placing a screw is:
Drill, measure, tap, screw
Drill, screw, measure, tap
Measure, drill, screw, tap
Screw, measure, tap, drill
Drill, measure, tap, screw
In a dynamic compression plate the screws can be angled:
A) 30° longitudinally and 10° transversely
B) 25° longitudinally and 7° transversely
C) 10° longitudinally and 0° transversely.
D) 20° longitudinally and 5° transversely
B) 25° longitudinally and 7° transversely
When compared to a cancellous screw, the core diameter of a cortical screw is:
Larger
In order to be stable, orthopaedic wire requires minimally at least how many twists?
1
Countersinking the screw results in:
Better distribution of forces between the head and the bone
Advantages of the SOP are:
Select one or more:
A) Relatively inexpensive
B) Can be contoured in three planes
C) Use standard cortical screws
D) Stronger than DCP
E) Low profile
A) Relatively inexpensive
B) Can be contoured in three planes
C) Use standard cortical screws
K-wires are:
A) Small Steinman pins
B) Ellis pins
C) Large Steinman pins
D) Positive profiled pins
A) Small Steinman pins
Advantages of external skeletal fixators over internal fixation techniques are:
A) Practical for the mandible
B) Allows adjustment to limb alignment
C) Stabilisation can be performed in a closed fashion
D) Removal of implants requires no sedation or general anaesthesia
E) Particularly useful for simple fractures
F) Management of open fractures
A) Practical for the mandible
B) Allows adjustment to limb alignment
C) Stabilisation can be performed in a closed fashion
F) Management of open fractures
ESF pins should be placed:
A) a minimum of 50% of bone diameter away from the fracture line.
B) centrally within the bone.
C) on the same side of the connecting bar.
D) spread out evenly.
E) to have three pins in each major fragment.
F) to engage two cortices.
A) a minimum of 50% of bone diameter away from the fracture line.
B) centrally within the bone.
D) spread out evenly.
E) to have three pins in each major fragment.
F) to engage two cortices.
When applying an ESF to the tibia:
A) an IM pin cannot be tied-in.
B) hybrid fixation is particularly useful for juxta-articular fractures.
C) an IM pin can be used.
D) a modification of a type 2 ESF is recommended.
B) hybrid fixation is particularly useful for juxta-articular fractures.
C) an IM pin can be used.
D) a modification of a type 2 ESF is recommended.
Hybrid ESF frames combine:
A) External fixation with external coaptation
B) Internal and external fixation
C) ESF with interlocking nail
D) Linear and circular ESF
D) Linear and circular ESF
There are very limited areas considered appropriate for pin placement on the femur. These are:
A) The greater trochanter
B) The medial epicondyle
C) The third trochanter
D) The lesser trochanter
E) The lateral epicondyle
A) The greater trochanter
E) The lateral epicondyle
Addition of a type I frame to a bilateral construct result in:
Type III frame
When using an IM pin in combination with an ESF, the IM-pin size should be selected, so that:
A) the IM pin has a diameter of 60% of medullary canal diameter.
B) the IM pin has a diameter of 35–40% of medullary canal diameter.
C) the IM pin has a diameter of 20–30% of medullary canal diameter.
D) the IM pin has a diameter of 45–50% of medullary canal diameter.
B) the IM pin has a diameter of 35–40% of medullary canal diameter.
Predrilling for ESF pin placement should be performed with a drill of diameter what mm less than the pin core diameter?
0.1mm
In the radius, placement of the following frame type is recommended?
Type Ib
