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General Knowledge Flashcards

1
Q

Area

A

L^2
cm^2

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2
Q

Volume

A

L^3
cm^3

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3
Q

Speed or velocity

A

L/T
cm/s

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4
Q

Acceleration

A

L/T^2
cm/s^2

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5
Q

Force

A

ma
g cm/s^2 or dynes

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6
Q

Pressure

A

F/A
dynes/cm^2 or g/cm s^2

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7
Q

Density

A

m/L^3
g/cm^3

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8
Q

Surface tension

A

F/L
dynes/cm or g/s^2

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9
Q

Work or energy

A

FL
dynes cm or erg

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10
Q

1 atm is equivalent to

A

760 torr or mmHg
76 cmHg
1.01325 x 10^6 dynes/cm^2
1.01325 x 10^5 N/m^2 or Pa
1.01325 bar

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11
Q

The gas constant (R) is equivalent to

A

0.08205 L-atm/n-K
8.314 m^3-Pa/n-K

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12
Q

Vapor pressure lowering

Vapor pressure

A

Vapor pressure of pure substance x mole fraction of solute

Vapor pressure of pure substance - change in vapor pressure

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13
Q

Boiling point elevation

Boiling point

A

Kbm

Boiling point of pure substance - change in boiling point

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14
Q

Freezing point depression

Freezing point

A

Kfm

Freezing point of pure substance - change in freezing point

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15
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

pi = mRT

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16
Q

Freezing point depression using Liso for electrolytes (Van’t Hoff)

Modified Van’t Hoff

A

ikfm

Liso m

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17
Q

Factors that affect solubility of gas in liquid (Henry’s Law)

A

Pressure
Temperature
Presence of dissolved substances

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18
Q

Factors affecting Le Chatelier’s Principle

A

Pressure
Temperature
Concentration chanage

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19
Q

Methods for determining specific gravity in solids

A

Hydrostatic balance method
Pynometer method
Graduated cylinder method
Immersion of solid in transparent liquid

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20
Q

Methods for determining specific gravity in liquids

A

Pycnometer using Leach pycnometer
Floatation method (hydrometers)
Constant weight with variable depth of immersion (Baume, Twaddell, Cartier, Gay-Lussac, Alcoholometer or Tralle’s hydrometer)
Constant depth of immersion with variable weight (Nicholson, Fahrenheit, Lovi’s beads, Mohr-Westphal balance)

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21
Q

Methods for determining specific gravity in manometric method

A

Fischer-Davidson gravitometer

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22
Q

Dipole-dipole is also known as

A

Keesom forces

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23
Q

Dipole-induced dipole is also known as

A

Debye forces

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24
Q

Induced dipole- induced dipole is also known as

A

Dispersion or London forces

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25
Q

Factors affecting solubility

A

Temperature
Polarity and Hydrogen Bonding
Particle size

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26
Q

Factors affecting drug dissolution

A

Physicochemical
Physiological
Formulation

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27
Q

Unit of kinematic viscosity

A

Stokes or centistokes

28
Q

Unit of absolute viscosity

A

Poise or centipoise
dynes s/cm^2

29
Q

Unit of relative viscosity

30
Q

Examples of plastic flow

A

Ointments
Pastes
Creams
Cataplasms
Cerates
Butter
Margarine

31
Q

Examples of pseudoplastic flow

A

Natural and synthetic gums
Liquid dispersion of tragacanth, sodium alginate, methylcellulose

32
Q

Examples of dilatant flow

A

Paint
Suspension (>50% conc)

33
Q

Examples of thixotropy

A

Aqueous dispersion of sodium bentonite, colloidal SiO2, magnesium bentonite

34
Q

Instruments for determining viscosity (Single point)

Instruments for determining viscosity (Multi point)

A

Capillary viscometer (Ostwald, Saybolt, Falling sphere, Hoppler)

Cup and bob viscometer
(Searle and Couette)
Cone and plate viscometer (Ferranti-Shirley)

35
Q

Searle type cup and bob viscometers

A

Stormer
Haake-Rotovisko
Brookefield synchro-lectric

36
Q

Couette type cup and bob viscometer

A

MacMichael, Coaxial cylinder

37
Q

Instrument used to measure viscosity for ointments

A

Penetrometer

38
Q

Span 20

A

Sorbitan monolaurate

39
Q

Span 40

A

Sorbitan monopalmitate

40
Q

Span 60

A

Sorbitan monostearate

41
Q

Span 65

A

Sorbitan tristearate

42
Q

Span 80

A

Sorbitan monooleate

43
Q

Span 85

A

Sorbitan trioelate

44
Q

Tween 20

A

Polyoxyethylene sorbitan

45
Q

Tween 40

A

Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate

46
Q

Tween 60

A

Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate

47
Q

Tween 65

A

Polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate

48
Q

Tween 80

A

Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate

49
Q

Tween 85

A

Polyoxyethylene sorbitan trioleate

50
Q

Brij 30

A

Polyoxyethylene lauryl ether

51
Q

Brij 72

A

Polyoxyethylene stearyl ether

52
Q

Brij 92

A

Polyoxyethylene oleyl ether

53
Q

Ariacel 83

A

Sorbitan sesquioleate

54
Q

Myri 45

A

Polyoxyethylene monostearate

55
Q

Poiseuille’s Method

A

r^5 (density x time x pi)/ 8 (volume x length)

56
Q

Methods of determining surface tension

A

Capillary rise
Du Nuoy tensiometer (ring method)
Drop weight
Bubble pressure
Sessile drop
Wilhemy plate

57
Q

Capillary rise method

A

1/2 hdgr
g is gravity constant
r is radius of capillary refill

58
Q

Instrument used for sedimentation

A

Andreasen apparatus

59
Q

Instrument used for particle volume measurement

A

Coulter counter

60
Q

Stoke’s Law

A

dx/dt= V = h/t= d^2 (density in dispersed phase - density of dispersion medium) g/ 18 (absolute viscosity)

61
Q

Porosity of voids formula

A

void vol/ bulk vol

bulk - true/ bulk vol x 100

62
Q

Derived properties of powder

A

Porosity or voids
Packing arrangement
Density
Flow properties

63
Q

Factors affecting sedimentation

A

Particle size and density
Viscosity of the medium

64
Q

NaCl equivalent method

A

(mol wt of NaCl/ i of NaCl) x (i of subs/ mol of subs)

65
Q

First order sample reactions

A

Decay of radioactive atoms
Decomposition
Hydrolysis (pseudo-first)

66
Q

Second order sample reactions

A

Combination of hydrogen and oxygen
Decomposition of HI
Hydrolysis of ester in alkaline solution

Physical Pharmacy (1 decks)

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