General Knowledge Flashcards
How many years of support do servers and work-stations get?
10 Years for servers and 5 years for workstations
What is the oldest Windows model that we are going to support?
Windows 8.1
Is Linux open or closed source?
Open Source
What is Unix?
A different type of operating system
Is Ubuntu free?
Yes
Does Fedora, Debbie, Mint, Arch, and Cent OS get support?
No, because they are supported by the community instead.
How are standard release models supported?
Even numbers get 5 years of support and Odd numbers get 9 months of support
What are rolling release models?
Model will receive constant updates instead of new models being introduced.
How long are android operating system supported for?
2-3 years
What operating system is android based on?
Linux
What is IOS and IPAD IOS originated from?
Apple
What was MAC OS previously called?
OSX
Is IOS closed or open sourced?
Closed source
What are the three file types that operated on Windows?
NTFS, FAT32, and exFAT
What are the three file types that operated on Linux?
ext3, ext4, or exFAT
What is the one file type that operates on MAC OS?
APFS
What are the benefits of NTFS?
journaling, snapshots, security, POSIX compliance, indexing, and dynamic discsjournaling.
64 bit filesystem that allows for large volumes and very large file sizes.
not case sensitive
What are the main features of FAT32?
total drive size of 2 TB, and maximum file size is 4 GB
Supported by all three operating systems
Usually used on removable drives like external drives or USB flash drives
What are the main features of ext3 and ext4?
mainly used by linux
ext3 has maximum volume size of 32 tb and maximum file size of 2 tb
ext4 has maximum volume size of 1 EB and maximum file size of 16 tb
What are the main features of APFS?
use the same journaling benefits of NTFS
has a higher level of performance when dealing with SSDs compared to HDD
What are the main features of exFAT?
considered cross platform and can be used on Windows, Linux, and macOS
How do most computers deal with compatibility concerns when it comes to file systems?
by talking through TCP/IP
Main features of 32 bit operating system?
Lower memory and these are commonly associated with windows 10
Main features of 64 bit operating system?
More memory often found in windows 10 or 11
Main features of Windows Home?
basic edition of the windows operating system
not designed to be used in business environment
it utilizes an OEM or Retail license
OEM – used by original manufacturer and cannot move systems
Retail– can move unto different systems
Main feature of Windows Pro?
windows operating system that focuses on business operations
can also be used as a domain system
can utilize BitLocker for encryption
can also used the Group Policy Editor
can use Remote Desktop Protocol
can also be upgraded to Windows Pro for Workstations– provides additional hardware and support four way multiprocessing
Main feature of Windows Enterprise and Education?
uses volume licensing
App-V protects the system from malware
allows multiple people to use the same machine, but separates their settings
direct access is used to allow for connectivity for remote users without the use of a VPN
Credential guarding allows for virtualization based security and only grants access to privileged systems.
Windows to go creates an image of the corporate windows 10 environment that can be run on a user’s personal computer.
Difference between edition and version upgrade?
Edition upgrade- same set
Volume upgrade- different set
What is image deployment?
copies an image of a hard drive onto a new system
What are the considerations when upgrading system?
- Hardware compatibility
- Application support
- Backup files and user preferences
- Third party drivers
make sure the processor, chipset, and memory can support the new OS.
What are the three product lifecycles?
- Mainstream- support for at least 5 years
- Extended support- additional period for some products that can extend an additional 3-5 years
- End of life- product is no longer supported
What are the update policies for a Legacy system?
feature updates occur every 6-12 months
feature updates are not going to change the requirement of the OS
What are the two styles of partitioning?
MBR and GUID Partition Table
What are the main features of MBR?
traditional style of partitioning
the first 512 byte sector on a disk contains the MBR which has the info about the physical disk on it
divides the physical disk in to 4 partitions
one drive for operating system and one for the data in two different partitions.
only able to run 4 partitions and supports disk size of 2 TB
Main features of GUID?
supports up to 128 partitions
system must support UEFI, in order to run GPT
How can a factory reset only work?
only if you have the original hard drive
What percentage of profit can be found in the app store?
15-30%
How can backup tools affect system performance?
By stealing a lot of network resources, often overwhelms the connection
What is a WWAN connection?
connects a wide area network over a wireless connection, and is most commonly seen with cellular modems or cellular hotspots
What four basic items are needed for network client configuration?
- IP Address
- Subnet Mask
- Gateway
- DNS Server
What does media streaming do?
media streaming allows the user to send videos, music, and other media types to other devices and computers in the network. This is found in the network and sharing center
What is the main purpose of a task manager?
monitors the computer’s key resources, like processing, memory, storage, and network capacity
What is the main purpose of the device manager?
investigating and troubleshooting system hardware, components, and peripherals
What is the main purpose of a disk management console?
formats disk drives, creates partitions, shrinks volumes, creates RAIDS and more.
What are the three disk maintenance tools?
Disk fragmentation
Capacity
Damage
What is the main purpose of fragmentation?
cleans up files, empties caches, and speeds up systems. keep note that fragmentation is only affecting hard drives due to the way data is written.
What is the data capacity?
it is the cap of data that you are able to have on your disk
What is data damage?
data is damaged– often happens when power is cut off or the device is dropped.
What is the main purpose of a task scheduler?
used to run commands and scripts automatically in the background at any given interval
What is the main purpose of the event viewer?
allows the user to go through log files and see what has happened on a given windows system
What is the event viewer hierarchy? from least to greatest
information
warning
verbose
error
critical
What is the main purpose of the performance monitor?
Real time information about system resources by keeping track of what things are happening in the operating system.
What is the main purpose of the group policy editor?
it provides a way of configuring different windows settings across all machines in the network
What is the main purpose of the certificate manager?
looks at the different digital certificates in the system and provides a way of requesting and importing new certificates
What is the main purpose of the resource monitor?
enhanced version of the task manager.
What is the main purpose of the registry editor?
a database which has all the different settings and configurations across the entire operating systems
What is the main difference between the administrative command prompt vs regular prompt?
creates new user accounts and access files and folders
what are the navigation command?
cd– change directory
what is the directory command?
dir– directory
what do the dots mean in the directory command?
. means here
.. means take me to the parent directory
what is the command for clearing screen?
cls
what is the command to see inside the text file?
type
what is the command for creating a directory?
md
what is the purpose of using quotations?
to group a command together, if not; it will create a separate entity
what is the command for removing directory?
rmdir
how does a user access a drive directly in command prompt?
drive and colon
ex. D drive= d:
how does a user move up 2 directories
cd ../..
how does a user navigate to the root of the drive instantly?
/
what is the command for copy?
copy
ex.
copy Afile1.txt f:\File1.txt
what is the command for move?
move
ex.
move Afile1.txt f:\File1.txt
user is able to rename file while moving it
what is the command for copying directories
xcopy
what is the command for copying in to network drives?
robocopy
what is the command for disk partitioning?
diskpart
how does a user see a disk in the system in command prompt?
list disk
how do you select a disk in dispart?
select disk 0
how do view a detail info on a disk?
detail volume 1
how do you change the letter of a disk?
assign letter=p
how do you view commands in disk part?
help
what is the format command?
format p: /fs:ntfs
ex.
last command contains the file system used
what is the command for scanning file systems?
chksdk
what is the command for repair in chkdsk?
/f to fix or /r to fix and recover
what is the shutdown command?
shutdown /? opens help menu
/s computer shutdown
/l log off
/t able to set a timeout period in seconds
/a aborts the shutdown
/h sleep mode
/r shutdown and restart computer
what is the command for system file checker?
sfc / scannow– runs immediately one time
sfc/ ?– opens help menu
sfc/ scanfile– single files at a time
what is the command for finding windows version?
winver
systeminfo |more– more information
what are the commands for networking?
ipconfig– ip configuration
ipconfig /all- more details of the network adapters
ipconfig /renew– renews DHCP lease
ipconfig /release– gets rid of ip information
ipconfic /displaydns– what is in DNS cache
ipconfig /flushdns– flushes resolver cache
ping– connectivity
ping localhost– test connection to one’s self
ping 192.168.1.60- pings ip address
ping 8.8.8.8– pings dns server
ping google.com– pings domain name
tracert– trace route
tracert facebook.com– tests hops of domain name
pathping– performs traces, more detailed than normal trace route
what are the name resolution commands?
hostname– device name
nslookup– looks up information about a hostname
nslookup help– how to use nslookup
server 8.8.4.4– changes server in cmd
set doman=diontraining.com– sets domain to dointraining
set domain=diontraining.com
set type A– sets type A in diontraining
what is the command that checks for open ports?
netstat
netstat /?- see different options
netstat -a–displays all connections
netstat -n– listed using ip address
netstat -o– shows process ids
netstat -ano– sees all of the above
what is the group policy commands?
gpupdate /force– forces
gpresult /r– policies that are in effect for that user
gpresult /?– see all the available commands
main difference between workgroups and domains
domain– centralized architecture, larger environments
workgroup- decentralized model, 15-20 computers,
What is the definition of inheritance?
the instructions on the parent folder is shared on the child folder.
What is the main difference between a shared permission vs an NTFS permission?
Shared permission is more granular and through the network, while NTFS permission is through a local file and has a lot more options when it comes to changes. NTFS also has inheritance by default.
what is the net command?
net /?