General Knowledge Flashcards
Which of the following is classified as a clean-contaminated procedure?
A. Enterotomy.
B. Ovariohysterectomy.
C. Application of a bone plate and screws to the radius.
D. Closure of a traumatic wound.
A. Enterotomy.
What is the recommended application time for Sterilium when it is used for surgical hand preparation?
90 secs
Which is the predominant cell in a wound at 48-96 hours?
Macrophage
Which of the following is a natural suture material?
A. Monofilament nylon.
B. Lactomer.
C. Polydioxanone.
D. Silk
D. Silk
Which statement regarding vacuum drains is incorrect?
A. They must exit the dependent part of the wound.
B. The proximal end of the drain should be in the deepest part of the wound.
C. Increasing the diameter results in an increase in flow.
D. Decreasing the length results in an increase in flow.
D. Decreasing the length results in an increase in flow.
What is the most effective concentration of povidone-iodine when it is used for preparation of the surgical patient?
0.1%
Which statement regarding wound healing in cats is correct?
A. Cats tend to produce a greater amount of granulation tissue than dogs.
B. Closure of open wounds tends to occur by central pull and epithelialisation.
C. Sutured wounds are only half as strong as those in dogs at 7 days.
D. Cutaneous perfusion is greater in cats than in dogs the first week after surgery.
C. Sutured wounds are only half as strong as those in dogs at 7 days.
Which dressing is most suitable for an exudative wound?
Polyurethane foam.
Which statement regarding a z-plasty is correct?
A. It results in a decrease in skin tension along the central limb perpendicular to the wound.
B. It results in a decrease in skin length along the central limb perpendicular to the wound.
C. It results in a decrease in skin tension parallel to the wound.
D. It results in an increase in skin tension along the central limb perpendicular to the wound.
A. It results in a decrease in skin tension along the central limb perpendicular to the wound.
What is the first stage of healing of a free skin graft?
Plasmatic imbibition.
Which is the least traumatic way of making a skin incision?
Scalpel Blade
What is the WHO recommended application time for Sterilium for the first procedure of the day?
90 secs
Which of the following statements regarding monopolar cautery is correct?
- It can be used effectively in a wet surgical field.
- A continuous waveform results in cutting.
- Collateral tissue damage is uncommon owing to the precise application of heat.
- The current travels back to the patient via an inactive electrode in the handpiece.
Continuous waveform results in cutting.
What distinguishes a disinfectant from an antiseptic?
Disinfectants are applied to inanimate objects whereas antiseptics are applied to living tissue.
Which of the following are reported benefits of alcohol-based hand rubs compared to chlorhexidine or povidone-iodine preps?
Select one or more:
- Improved residual effect.
- Shorter application times.
- Water conservation.
- Improved immediate effect.
- Reduction in the incidence of surgical site infection.
Improved immediate effect.,
Shorter application times.,
Water conservation.
Cephalosporins are used commonly for antimicrobial prophylaxis. Which of the following statements regarding their pharmacokinetics is correct?
- Their efficacy is increased by giving a higher initial dose.
- The therapeutic goal is to maximise the duration of exposure.
- Increasing the dose interval improves their efficacy.
- They have a prolonged post-antibiotic effect after their serum levels fall below the MIC.
The therapeutic goal is to maximise the duration of exposure.
Which of the following are classified as an organ/space surgical site infection?
Select one or more:
- Subcutaneous abscess following an ovariohysterectomy
- Osteomyelitis following internal fixation of a femoral fracture
- Septic peritonitis following enterotomy dehiscence
- Wound dehiscence and purulent discharge following a mammary strip
- Septic arthritis following retrieval of a shoulder OCD flap
- Implant-associated infection following a tibial plateau levelling osteotomy
Septic peritonitis following enterotomy dehiscence,
Septic arthritis following retrieval of a shoulder OCD flap,
Osteomyelitis following internal fixation of a femoral fracture
Which instruments are suitable for handling bowel? Select all the possibilities.
Select one or more:
Dressing forceps
Allis forceps
DeBakey forceps
Doyen forceps
Babcock forceps
DeBakey forceps,
Babcock forceps,
Doyen forceps
Which is the first step in the formation of a biofilm?
Formation of a conditioning film
Which layer of the small intestine provides most of the tensile strength and is the suture-holding layer?
Submucosa
Doubling the diameter of a vacuum drain increases the flow how many times?
16 x
The negative pressure transmitted to the thoracostomy tube by a three-chamber thoracic drainage system is determined by what?
The difference between the height of water in the suction control chamber and water seal chamber.
Which is the most appropriate dressing for a highly exudative wound?
A) Hydrocolloid
B) Alginate
C) Petrolatum-impregnated mesh
D) Hydrogel
B) Alginate
Define mechanical creep?
Permanent plastic deformation under a constant stress
What is the wound strength of a sutured canine wound at 14 days post-surgery relative to normal skin?
10%
Which of the following dressings is primarily moisture retentive?
A) Hydrogel
B) Gauze
C) Honey
D) Alginate
Hydrogel
Which of the following is a form of non-selective debridement?
A) Maggots
B) Layered debridement
C) Enzymatic debridement
D) Honey
B) Layered debridement
Which statement regarding Penrose drains is correct?
A) Fenestration improves the efficacy of drainage.
B) They should exit the most dependent portion of the wound.
C) They should never exit at both ends.
D) Drainage occurs through the lumen of the drain.
B) They should exit the most dependent portion of the wound.
Which statement regarding transposition flaps is incorrect?
A) They share a common border with the wound.
B) The length of the flap equals the length of the wound.
C) The width of the flap equals the width of the wound.
D) They are usually rotated between 45° and 90°.
B) The length of the flap equals the length of the wound.
Which needle type is most appropriate for visceral surgery?
A) Conventional cutting
B) Taper cut
C) Taper point
D) Reverse cutting
C) Taper point
What is the main advantage of a partial-thickness skin graft?
A) They provide the best cosmetic outcome.
B) They can be harvested without specialised instrumentation.
C) They are durable.
D) They can be used when there is limited donor skin available.
D) They can be used when there is limited donor skin available.
Which of the following describes the appearance of a free skin graft undergoing plasmatic imbibition?
A) Pale
B) Purple and oedematous
C) Pink
D) Red and congested
B) Purple and oedematous
The blood supply to random flaps is via what?
Subdermal plexus
Which of the following is a benefit of simple interrupted suture patterns?
A) Precise adjustment of tension
B) Suture economy
C) Volume of suture material left in the wound
D) Speed of application
A) Precise adjustment of tension
Which axial pattern flaps is best suited to closing a sternal defect?
Cranial epigastric artery
Which best describes the vascular supply to the latissimus dorsi muscle?
A) There is one dominant vascular pedicle.
B) Two dominant pedicles supply approximately half the muscle belly.
C) There is one dominant vascular pedicle near the origin, with a minor pedicle supplying the muscle belly.
D) There is one dominant vascular pedicle at the muscle’s insertion, with segmental pedicles entering near its origin.
D) There is one dominant vascular pedicle at the muscle’s insertion, with segmental pedicles entering near its origin
Which statement regarding z-plasty is correct?
A) It results in a decrease in skin tension parallel to the wound.
B) It results in a decrease in skin tension along the central limb perpendicular to the wound.
C) It results in a decrease in skin length along the central limb perpendicular to the wound.
D) It results in an increase in skin tension along the central limb perpendicular to the wound.
B) It results in a decrease in skin tension along the central limb perpendicular to the wound.
What is the most effective concentration of povidone-iodine when it is used for preparation of the surgical patient?
0.1%
Which statement regarding wound healing in cats is correct?
A)Cats tend to produce a greater amount of granulation tissue than dogs.
B) Closure of open wounds tends to occur by central pull and epithelialisation.
C) Sutured wounds are only half as strong as those in dogs at 7 days.
D) Cutaneous perfusion is greater in cats than in dogs the first week after surgery.
C) Sutured wounds are only half as strong as those in dogs at 7 days.
Which dressing is most suitable for an exudative wound?
Polyurethane foam
Which statement regarding a z-plasty is correct?
A) It results in a decrease in skin tension along the central limb perpendicular to the wound.
B) It results in a decrease in skin length along the central limb perpendicular to the wound.
C) It results in a decrease in skin tension parallel to the wound.
D) It results in an increase in skin tension along the central limb perpendicular to the wound.
A) It results in a decrease in skin tension along the central limb perpendicular to the wound.
What is the first stage of healing of a free skin graft?
Plasmatic inhibition
