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Surgery of Abdomen and Thorax Cavitities > General Knowledge > Flashcards

General Knowledge Flashcards

1
Q

What is the correlation between time from hosp admission to surgical source control with septic peritonitis?

A

No association has been identified between outcome and the time from hospital admission to surgical source control

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2
Q

What cytological finding in free abdominal fluid is most consistent with septic peritonitis?

A

Presence of intracellular bacteria

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3
Q

What is a potential late postoperative complication following surgery for septic peritonitis?

A

Short bowel syndrome

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4
Q

Which thumb forceps should be used when handling intrathoracic tissue?

A

DeBakey

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5
Q

Which of the following is true when performing a median sternotomy?

A. The xiphoid and manubrium should be kept intact if possible
B. The internal thoracic artery runs transversely across the sternum and requires ligation and resection
C. The right accessory lung lobe cannot be visualised during a median sternotomy
D. Gelpis are the retractors of choice during mediam sternotomy

A

A. The xiphoid and manubrium should be kept intact if possible

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6
Q

Which approach to the thoracic cavity is associated with the highest risk of postoperative complications?

A

Median Sternotomy

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7
Q

What abnormalities might be detected on abdominal radiography in patients with septic peritonitis? (3)

A

Free abdominal gas

Loss of serosal detail

Corrugated intestines

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8
Q

What is the most useful test to diagnose septic peritonitis?

A

Abdocentesis and cytology

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9
Q

Which of the closure method of abdominal management is not appropriate for patients with septic peritonitis?

A

Closed abdomen with a passive drain

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10
Q

Which approach should be avoided for pericardiectomy?

A

Transdiaphragmatic

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11
Q

Which of the following thoracic wall neoplasia is MOST likely to metastasise, regardless of local control provided?
Fibrosarcoma
Chondrosarcoma
Osteosarcoma
Lymphoma

A

Osteosarcoma

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12
Q

Which nerve is visualised and preserved during pericardiectomy?

A

Phrenic

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13
Q

In small dogs with thoracic bite wounds, optimal management should include surgical exploration of the wound and the thoracic cavity in the presence of which of the following?

Flail or pseudo-flail chest
Fractured ribs
Radiological evidence of lung contusion
Pneumothorax
Any combination of the above

A

Any combination of the above

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14
Q

Why are trochar tubes associated with greater pain when in situ?

A

They require placement of a trap suture.
They move more readily with ventilation.
They are more traumatic to place
They have a wider bore

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15
Q

Which of the following is NOT a potential complication following lung lobectomy?
Pulmonary oedema
Lung lobe torsion
Haemorrhage
Laryngeal paralysis

A

Laryngeal paralysis

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16
Q

In the study by Valtolina et al. (Evaluation of small-bore wire-guided chest drains for management of pleural space disease, JSAP, 2009), what was the most common complication reported?

A

Failure to drainage due to tube kinking

17
Q

Which of the following is NOT an appropriate technique for closing a thoracic wall defect following excision of a chest wall neoplasm?

A

Scalenus rotational flap

18
Q

How can the risk of lung lobe laceration be decreased during thoracocentesis?

A

Include flexible tubing between the syringe and needle and position the bevelled edge of the needle parallel to the intrathoracic wall.

19
Q

Surgery should be performed urgently in traumatic cases of diaphragmatic hernia with which of the following clinical signs? Select all that apply.

A. Severe/relentless abdominal pain
B. Gastric entrapment and tympany
C. Concurrent pelvic fracture
D. Ongoing haemorrhage or hypovolaemia

A

A. Severe/relentless abdominal pain
B. Gastric entrapment and tympany
D. Ongoing haemorrhage or hypovolaemia

20
Q

Which dog breed is pre-disposed to chylothorax?

A

Afghan hound

21
Q

Which cat breed is pre-disposed to chylothorax?

A

Siamese

22
Q

Which of the following statement is true?
A. In utero, the foramen ovale carries blood from the aorta to the pulmonary artery, bypassing the still non-functioning lungs.
B. In utero, the foramen ovale carries blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta, bypassing the still non-functioning lungs.
C. In utero, the ductus arteriosus carries blood from the aorta to the pulmonary artery, bypassing the still non-functioning lungs.
D. In utero, the ductus arteriosus carries blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta, bypassing the still non-functioning lungs.

A

D. In utero, the ductus arteriosus carries blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta, bypassing the still non-functioning lungs.

23
Q

Which of the following statements about tension pneumothorax are incorrect?

A. Radiography will demonstrate marked lobar collapse, mediastinal shift to the right and a flattened left hemidiaphragm.
B. Soft tissue acts as a one-way valve allowing air to enter the pleural space during inspiration, but not to exit during expiration.
C. It develops from an open pneumothorax
D. Tension pneumothorax is very uncommon

A

C. It develops from an open pneumothorax

24
Q

Which of the following statements is correct?
A. Medical management of PRAA is rewarding provided owner compliance and motivation is high.
B. Medical management of PRAA is unrewarding because of lifelong poor growth.
C. Medical management of PRAA is unrewarding because of progressive oesophageal dilation and regurgitation.
D. Medical management of PRAA is rewarding after placement of a gastrostomy tube.

A

C. Medical management of PRAA is unrewarding because of progressive oesophageal dilation and regurgitation.

25
Q

Which of the following are clinical signs associated with persistent right aortic arch? Select all that apply.

A. Aspiration pneumonia
B. Good appetite
C. Regurgitation
D. Malnourishment

A

Which of the following are clinical signs associated with persistent right aortic arch? Select all that apply.

A. Aspiration pneumonia
B. Good appetite
C. Regurgitation
D. Malnourishment

26
Q

What are the most common bacteria isolated from feline pyothorax?

A

Pasturella sp.

27
Q

What is the test of choice for the diagnosis of chylothorax?

A

Fluid triglyceride and cholesterol levels of fluid compared with serum

28
Q

Which of the following statements about traumatic diaphragmatic hernias are correct? Select all that apply.

A. Patients should not undergo surgery within 24 hours of trauma because of an increased mortality.
B. Adhesion formation is unlikely to be encountered during surgical repair of chronic (> 1 year) diaphragmatic hernias.
C. Early surgical intervention (within 24 hours of trauma) is not associated with increased mortality.
D. Surgical correction of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia is technically easier if the hernia occurred over 1 year ago.

A

C. Early surgical intervention (within 24 hours of trauma) is not associated with increased mortality.

29
Q

What is a persistent right aortic arch?

A

A vascular ring anomaly that extends between the left pulmonary artery and the right aortic arch, encircling the oesophagus

30
Q

Which of the following is a potential complication encountered after surgical repair of a chronic diaphragmatic hernia?
* Abdominal compartment syndrome
* Portal hypertension
* Splenic intravascular coagulation
* Elevated liver parameters

A

Abdominal compartment syndrome

30
Q

How many ribs can be removed whilst still readily allowing primary closure of the thoracic wall defect using local tissue only?

A

4

31
Q

In dogs diagnosed with pyothorax, what is the most common isolated organism during culture of the pleural fluid?

A

E. Coli

32
Q

Which structure is affected during chylothorax?

A

Thoracic Duct

33
Q

What is the most lethal form of septic peritonitis?

A

Post - operative

34
Q

Which approach to the thorax is associated with significantly more postoperative complications?

A

Median sternotomy

35
Q

What is the method of choice for lung lobectomy?

A

Stapling

36
Q

What is the approach of choice for subtotal pericardiectomy?

A

Right intercostal

37
Q

What is the most common cause of chylothorax?

A

Idiopathic

Surgery of Abdomen and Thorax Cavitities (10 decks)

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