General Knowelegde test! Flashcards
Food system
Primary production
Processsing and packaging
Distribution and acesses
Media and marketing
consumption
Primary Production
Crops are grown and harvested
Animals are raised and slaughtered
Raw materials are convereted into basic food comodities
Processing and packaging
Processing is often reffered to as secondary packaging
this involves changing the state of foods produced during primary production into other products.
Distribution and acsess
This involves transportation, storage, and sales of food
Media and marketing
food marketing occurs when someone promotes the sale of food products or food services
Consumption
The act of eating food.
consumption of food occurs everywhere and anywhere
Waste managment
Reducing the amount of wastage produced during production
Environmental factors Influencing different food systems
Climate
Weather
Tempreature
Precipitation
Location and topography
Historical factors influencing food systems
Colonialism (colonisation)
Exploration
Conflict and wars
Social factors
Culture
social status and hierachy
Religion
Hunter gatherers
Sorecd and ate foods as a mean of survival
used fire to keep warm and cook food
used fire to scare wild animals away.
Silk road
The silk road was a series of ancient trade routes that linked asia and the middle east western world
People would use this as a source to travel as well
Cultivation of crops
This refers to improving the soil to grow healthy crops, examples of cultivation include loseing up the soil, removing weeds, and adding water and air to prepare it for planting seeds
Domestication of crops
Early farmers collected and planted seeds of wild plants. Possibly, people discovered that wild plants grew from seeds, when some seeds fell on the ground, and soon afterwoods noticed that sedlings began to grow.
What is a commodity
A food comodity is a product derived from an agricultural animal or crop. The first foods that farmers cultivated soon became comodities.
Domestication of animals
The domestication of animals contibuted to the overalll sucess of agriculture, Early farmers realised that domesticated animals could provide meat, milk, fertilizer and clothing. The type of domestiction of animals depended on where they settled down and what type of animals were living in the area.
Examples of domestication of animals
Sheeps, goats ,pigs south west asia
chickens and camels, central asia
water bufflo,pigs,dogs china
donkeys eygypt
llyams and alpacas south ameria
Where did agriculture begin
Mesopotamia and the fertile cresent
Why were hunter gatheres nomadic
When there food suply diminished, they had to move to anther location to find food. They also needed to find adequte shelter for protection from bad wether and predators, as well as safe drinking water
The spreed of food comodities
The establishment of sea trades routes between the americas, asia, europe and meditarianian, and the atlantic resulted in trade in between the countries. Some of these food commodities, such as chocolate, coffee grains and oils were considered exotic.
Natural resorces
Georgraphical
Location
Climate influences
Topography
Precipertation
Social circumstances
Religion
culture
History
factors facilitating the development of early agriculture
Early tools
Cultivation of wild plants
storage of food
Industrialisation and globalisation
Technologies meant that food could be processed at a faster rate and in higher volumes.
Technology on the farm meant that more food could be grown on the same amount of land
Implications for health
Globalisation of processed foods has increased worldwide availabilty of these products
Many of these foods are high in saturated fats, sugars and salt and or sugar
Victorias first people
for over 60,000 years, aboriginal and toristaright islander communities have been gathering, growing and harvesting and using native ingridients from the land we call Australia
Foods and flavoring, Victorias first peoples
These came from the land.
It is estimated that up to 5000 native food species were utilised by
Aboriginal Peoples.
Some examples that are available commercially include:
Finger lime
Wattle seed
Lemon myrtle
Saltbush
Kangaroo
Victorias first people tools and technologies
Tools and technologies:
Tools and technologies have been used for centuries and are still used today.
Boomerangs, traps for fish, eels and shellfish, spears, arrows, ropes and handles,
canoes, grinding stones and bush ovens. The bark from the paperbark tree was used
as a wrap for baking food, and bark troughs were used to boil water and help
separate seeds from other rubbish. Food was collected and transported in bark dilly
bags, which were sometimes used to filter foods of poisons and bitterness by
suspending them in a running stream.
Primary production in Australia influences
World war 1
Knowlege and skills
Technology
Machienery
Population growth
Canning
The first canning factory was established in 1846.
Canning catered for the excess in fruit and vegetables produced.
Preserved food products were also sent overseas.
By 1870, over a million kilograms of canned meat, fruit and vegetables were
exported annually.
Cookbooks began including canned food recipes.
Canned goods were sent overseas for troops in the world wars.
Patterns of immigration
As immigrants arrived and settled in Australia, they brought with them their own rich and unique foods and
consumption patterns. As the demand for these foods rose, it drove an increase in the availability of the diverse foods
we have available to us today, and an expansion in the manufacturing of these foods within Australia.
Pacidic island cusine
The Pacific region includes our Pacific neighbours – New Zealand, Vanuatu,
Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and Fiji.
The climate is generally tropical, except in New Zealand.
Pacific Islands cuisine provides us with: taro,
breadfruit, papaya, mahi-mahi, kiwifruit, feijoas
and tamarillos.
Banana leaves are often used to wrap foods.
Ground ovens are used to slow-cook foods.
Greek cuisine
Because Greece is surrounded by sea, there is much seafood on the menu.
Olives and lemons are used in many dishes, and oregano, garlic, basil, thyme, dill,
marjoram and cinnamon are used as flavourings.
Tomatoes, eggplant, okra, zucchini and capsicum also feature.
Lamb and goat are traditional meats.
Tzatziki, moussaka and gyros (souvlaki) are common.
Religious ceremonies have introduced Australia to different foods, such as the
Easter bread with red eggs, koulurakia and dolmades.
Australia food subculture
Australia’s food patterns and food availability are influenced by
other factors other than immigration:
Increasing interest in health
Resurgence of an interest in indigenous foods
Changing social behaviours relating to food.
Australia food subculture indigeounus foods
Our early colonial patterns of destroying native lands and waterways in favour of
European ways of farming are slowly reversing.
Growing knowledge of, and respect for, traditional native foods and Aboriginal and
Torres Strait Islander Peoples’ knowledge means that more native foods are being
produced for commercial use here and around the world.
The quandong, or native peach
Crusted kangaroo fillet with indigenous spices
Social behaviours food subcultures
Food is central to social gatherings and celebrations. For example:
The coffee culture
Sporting events
Festivals.
Social media is enabling a rapid spread of knowledge and skills of food and
connecting people with similar passions.
Food subculture plant based, food and moods
Plant-based foods
Environmental, ethical and health concerns are driving a movement towards more
plant-based foods.
The use of vegetable substitutes for grain-based foods such as rice has grown.
Food and mood
Growing evidence shows digestive and mental health are linked.
There is a focus on how gut microbiota contribute to mental and physical health.
Food manufacturers and food entrepreneurs are taking a keen interest in this.
Subculture convience foods
Takeaway foods, drive-through
restaurants, home delivery services, meal
subscription boxes and ready-to-eat
meals at supermarkets offer time-poor
consumers quick access to foods.
Australian cuisine
What is Australian cuisine?
Depending on your culture, heritage, location, experience and customs, it can mean
many different things.
Is it traditional Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples’ food, such as kangaroo,
emu, crocodile, lemon myrtle, wattle seed or macadamia nuts?
Is it Vegemite, Milo, Twisties or any other product designed in and unique to Australia?
Is it an adaptation of cuisines from our multinational heritage?
Leading indistries in australia
Export markets
Australia is renowned for its ‘clean and green’ status with regard to its primary
production.
Australia is one of the highest ranked nations for food security.
Production far outweighs demand (70 per cent produced is exported).
Primary food production
Agriculture and horticulture are major contributors to the economy and workforce.
Our varied climatic conditions allow for a wide range of primary industries.
Livestock
Beef, sheep, pork and poultry are the leading industries, producing meat, milk and
eggs for domestic and international sale.
Domestic consumption of meat has fluctuated; red meat has declined, chicken has
risen significantly.
Australia is one of the largest exporters of beef, veal and sheep meat in the world.
Dairy
The dairy industry is a major contributor to the local economy and rural workforce.
Milk, cheese, butter and yoghurt are widely enjoyed in various forms.
Exports of milk, milk powder and cheese are significant.
Fisheries
Aquaculture produces a wide range of seafood for local and international markets.
About 70 per cent of seafood consumed in Australia is imported, mainly canned and
frozen fish.
Australian fishery exports are mainly high-value seafoods such as
rock lobster, tuna and abalone.
Cropping
Wheat, rice, barley, oilseed and sugar make a significant contribution.
Climate and topography dictate what is grown where in Australia.
Horticulture industries
Horticulture industries in Australia comprise
fruits, nuts, vegetables, turf, flowers and
nursery products.
The range of food products produced in
Australia’s horticulture industries has a
reputation for being ‘clean and green’.
Australia’s diverse climate and soils enable
a wide range of horticulture products to be
grown and sold internationally.
Food processing and manufacturing
Health
sustainability
Marketing
technology
food saftey
responding to consumer demand
5 dimensions of food security
Availability – sufficient supply of food
Accessibility – physical and economic access to food
Acceptability – culturally acceptable food produced in a manner that respects
human rights
Adequacy – safe and nutritious foods produced in an environmentally sustainable
manner
Stability – food supply is reliable
6 pillers of food soverenty
Focuses on food for people
values food provideres
Locolasies the food system
puts controll locally
builds knowlege and skills
works with nature
