General Intro Flashcards
1
Q
Hunter and Gathering Societies
A
120,000 years ago
- Mitochondrial Eve (RNA).
- Simple technology, hunting/foraging.
- Kinship and spiritual.
- Isolated with limited
cultural transmission.
2
Q
Tribes
A
- 13,000 in Fertile Crescent.
- Food production = surplus.
- Everyone is known.
- Egalitarian.
- Generalized reciprocity
3
Q
Horticultural and Pastoral
A
10,000 years ago
- Change in climate – movement.
- Discovery of simple technology.
- Diversity, recombination
artifacts, culture, language. - Domestication of animals.
4
Q
Economic Organization of Chiefdoms
A
- Large population
- Food surplus Trade: bartering.
- Centralized authority: information.
- Distinguished dress, behaviour.
- Blue eyes
5
Q
Agrarian Societies
A
- Crop farming.
- Small settlements.
- Plough, primogeniture.
- Cultural exchange,
discovery, invention, play.
6
Q
Fixed Abode
A
- Close proximity to one another.
2.Produce surplus.
- Conflicts over land.
7
Q
Population Growth
A
- Better nutrition, fewer diseases.
- Less travelling.
- Higher body weight.
- More workers needed.
- Less severe environment.
- More convenient
8
Q
Centralizing Society
A
- Troop resources: bureaucracies.
- Wars of amalgamation.
- Natural social contracts.
- Irrigation and hydraulics
9
Q
Political Revolutions
A
- Ideas are not about social change but about how to maintain the status quo.
- End of mini-ice age (1400-1800 AD/CE).
- Due to better health, longer lives, better food and larger families
- More time to THINK
10
Q
Marketplace
A
- Barter exchange to $ and assets
- Exchange of goods/services for labour.
- Division of labour: specialists (Baker)
- Self-Sufficient Farmer
11
Q
Industrial Revolution
A
- Visible poverty: Homelessness.
- Fragmentation of family dynamics.
- Primogeniture and private property.
- Changes in migration patterns: New World.
12
Q
African Slaves: 1600s AD/CE
A
- Plantation crop farming.
- 1815, more than 300 International Slavery Treaties: Legal ownership of one person by another.
- Violence + loss of free will + otherness of slaves = Enslavement.
13
Q
Problems of Urbanization
A
- Crowding, pollution, disease.
- Cemeteries and public space.
- NO Sewage and clean water?
- Immorality? Crime rates?
- Child labour in 1881 woolen mills
14
Q
Religious Fervour
A
- Controlling the masses.
- Deterrence using punishment.
- Rules, standards, behaviour.
- False consciousness?
15
Q
Industrial Societies
A
300 years ago
- Advanced technology.
- Rural -> Urban SHIFT.
- Non-Specialists -> Specialists
- Family roles and patriarchy.
16
Q
Theories Explain Social Change
A
- Theories: not to justify but to understand how did we get here?
- Eurocentric approach
- The politics of words:
is this primitive
17
Q
A
