General Inspecction And Integument Flashcards
General Appearance
Apparent state of health Level of consciousness Signs of distress Skin color and obvious lesions Dress, grooming, and personal hygiene Facial expression Odors of body and breath Posture, gait, motor activity Height and weight Waist circumference Calculate BMI
Calculating BMI
Weight (lbs) x 700/height (inches)
Weight (kg)/Height (m2)
Gravitational line
Coronal plane Lateral malleolus Lateral condyle of knee Greater trochanter Lateral head of humerus External auditory meatus
What to look for on the skin
Color Uniformity Thickness Symmetry Hygiene Lesions Odors
What to look for with hair
Color Distribution Density Texture Fragility
What to look for with nails
Pigmentation of nail plates and nail beds
Length
Symmetry
Surface changing (peeling, pitting, ridging)
Ophthalmoscope
Visualize inner aspect of eye
Large, medium, and small light source
Half light
Red free-retina looks black and white
Slit beam-contour abnormalities of the cornea, lens, and retina
Blue light-observe corneal abrasion and ulcers
Grid- make rough approximations of relative distance between retinal lesions
Otoscope
Used to examine the inner ear
Tuning fork
Hearing evaluation via air conduction Lasts longer than bone conduction Hold fork in front of external auditory meatus Bone conduction Hold handle on bony area behind ear Vibratory sense Place handle on patella Compare left and right for duration
Reflex hammer
Deep tendon reflex Brachialis Brachioradialis Triceps Patellar Achilles
Stethoscope
Bell is used for low pitched sounds (bruits)
Diaphragm for high pitched sounds (breath sounds and heart tones)
Ear pieces face forward
Sphygmomanometer
Mercury
Aneroid
Digital
Reads blood pressure
Vital signs
BP Pulse respiratory rate Temperature Pain
Taking blood pressure
Air in the bladder compresses the artery stopping blood flow
As the cuff deflates, circulation starts moving through the artery-turbulent flow is audible
First sound= systolic BP
Sound stops= diastolic BP
Common errors in BP monitoring
Falsely high BP Brachial artery below heart Cuff too small Cuff too large on large arm Falsely low BP Brachial artery above heart Cuff too large on small arm
