General Infrastructure Fundamentals

Question 1

What is an ODM?

Answer 1

Original Design Manufacturer =

• What public cloud providers use for their infrastructure
• basically one size fits all infrastructure
  -why certain things don’t run as well for specialized needs

Question 2

Advantages of ODM?

Answer 2

• Hyperscalers can fit needs of the majority
• make Hyperscalers non-reliant on other vendors
• Cost effective for bulk purchase

Question 3

Disadvantages of ODM?

Answer 3

• Non-specialized T-Shirt Infrastructure
• Overseas Designed -> little oversight on security/protection
• Not performance constructed

Question 4

What are IOPS?

Answer 4

the measurement of the number of input/output operations a storage device can complete within a single second

Question 5

What is an input?

Answer 5

any information sent into a computing system via an external device, such as a keyboard or a mouse

• considered a “read” operation because the computer is reading the data and putting it into its memory

Question 6

What is an output?

Answer 6

the response to or result of processing the data that came from the input.

• considered a “write” operation because the computer is transferring data by writing it to somewhere else.

Question 7

Reading data?

Answer 7

opening and reading existing data on the drive

• read speed refers to how long it takes to open a file from the device

Question 8

Writing data?

Answer 8

Saving/recording new data to the disk

• write speed is how long it takes to save a file to the device

Question 9

What is throughput?

Answer 9

measure of the number of units of information a system can process in a given amount of time

• measured typically in bits per second (bit/s or bps)

Question 10

What is Raw Capacity?

Answer 10

The sum total amount of addressable capacity of the storage devices in a storage system

• The word addressable is important because the packages actually contain additional unaddressable flash which is used for purposes such as error correction

Question 11

What is Usable Capacity?

Answer 11

what you have left after taking raw capacity and removing the space set aside for system use, RAID parity, over-provisioning and so on

• It is guaranteed capacity, meaning you can be certain that you can store this amount of data regardless of what the data looks like
• That last statement is important once data reduction technologies come into play. Take 10TB of usable space and write 5TB of data into it – you now have 5TB of usable capacity remaining. But take 10TB of usable space and write 5TB of data which dedupes and compresses at a 5:1 ratio – now you only need 1TB of usable space to store it, meaning you have 9TB of usable capacity left available.

Question 12

What is Effective Capacity?

Answer 12

The effective capacity of a storage system is the amount of data you could theoretically store on it in certain conditions

• These conditions are assumptions, such as “my data will reduce by a factor of x:1”.

Question 13

3 Different Protocols For Flash? (Slowest to Fastest)

Answer 13

SATA, SAS, NVMe