GENERAL INFORMATION Flashcards
What is the most common cause of pneumonia?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
What is “Bactericidal”? Give some examples
Kill bacterium such as weaken the cell wall, leading to lysis, disrupt DNA replication, RNA synthesis
1) Beta-lactams
2) Aminoglycosides, Fluoroquinolones, metronidazole
What is “Bacteriostatic”?
Give some examples
Do not necessarily kill the bacteria.
Inhibition of protein synthesis
Break the logarithmic growth phase, allowing the immune system to deal with the infection.
1) tetracyclines
2) sulfonamides
3) Chloramphenicol
4) Macrolides
5) Lincosamides
What is MIC stands for?
What does it mean?
Minimum inhibitory concentration
MIC is the lowest amount of a specific antibiotic needed to stop the growth of a particular bacterium and prevent it from multiplying.
It’s a crucial value because it helps determine the appropriate dosage of an antibiotic to effectively treat an infection caused by that specific bacterium.
Here’s how it works:
* MIC testing involves exposing a sample of the bacteria to varying concentrations of an antibiotic.
* The lowest concentration of the antibiotic that prevents visible bacterial growth is recorded as the MIC for that particular bacterium and antibiotic combination.
* MIC is typically expressed in micrograms per milliliter (µg/mL) or sometimes in other units
What is MBC stands for?
Minimum bactericidal concentration
What is time dependent killing?
Time dependent killing means you want to maintain drug concentration above MIC for a specific amt of time or threshold to have killng activity
Frequent, lower doses or prolonged infusion.
What is concentration dependent killing?
Concentration-dependent antibiotics work differently. Their effectiveness is most closely related to achieving a high peak concentration relative to the MIC. It’s less about how long the concentration stays above the MIC and more about how high it peaks. Higher concentrations compared to the MIC are more effective. Examples include aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones.
In simple terms, for time-dependent antibiotics, it’s about maintaining a certain concentration for a longer time, while for concentration-dependent antibiotics, it’s about achieving a high concentration compared to the MIC.
Less frequent, higher doses
What is “post antibiotic effect”?
The post-antibiotic effect (PAE) refers to the persistent suppression or inhibition of bacterial growth even after the antibiotic has been removed or is present in subtherapeutic concentrations in the body. In simple terms, it’s the continued antibacterial effect that occurs after the antibiotic has been cleared from the system
what is “empiric”?
Empiric: treat infection without knowing bugs involved
what is Definitive/directed?
treat infection knowing bugs involved. Targeted Ab-bug pairing
What is prophylactic?
treat prior to infection to reduce chance of becoming infected
