general info

Question 1

difference from RNA replication

Answer 1

• numerous replication origo
  distinct names for DNA polymerase
  telomeric sequences

Question 2

DNA polymerase α

Answer 2

Synthesis of new DNA strand (equals with DNA polymerase III. of Prokaryotes)

Question 3

DNA polymerase β

Answer 3

Repair of DNA during replication (equals with DNA polymerase II. of Prokaryotes)

Question 4

DNA polymerase γ

Answer 4

Replication of mitochondrial DNA

Question 5

DNA polymerase δ

Answer 5

Synthesis of new DNA strand (further from primer)

Question 6

telomere

Answer 6

Extra sequence attached to the 3’ end of chromosome, rich in G bases
• Contains no genetic information, so loss of these sequences during replication causes no problem

Question 7

Telomerase

Answer 7

enzymes synthesise telomeric sequences (even more active in gametes and tumor cellsmore cell division is possible than normally

Question 8

repair enzymes to prevent mutations

Answer 8

• In prokaryotes: DNA polymerase I, II

* In eukaryotes: DNA polymerase β, (ι, η, ζ, κ)

Question 9

mutations

Answer 9

changes in the structure of dna that result in heritable changes in the encoded genetic information.

Question 10

outcome of mutation

Answer 10

genetic disease
cancer
evolution

Question 11

types of mutations

Answer 11

• spontaneous mutation
• induced mutation (physical condition)
• gametic mutations :in ovum/sperm cells
• somatic mutation : in somatic cells
• chromosome mutation
• gene/point mutation

Question 12

types of point mutation

Answer 12

• Substitution (missense , nonsense , silent or samesense)

- insertion and deletion (frame shift)

Question 13

mutagenesis

Answer 13

• nitrites , nitrates
• oxidative deamination
• uv radiation
• timin dimers(covalent bonds between 2 pyrimidine bases)
• malignus melanoma
• repair by deletion