General Info Flashcards
Latex allergies cross allergies
Banana
Apricots
Cherries
Grapes
Kiwi
Passion fruit
Avocado
Chestnuts
Tomatoes
Peaches
Cane walking
C. O. A. L
Cane
Opposite
Affected
Leg
Crutch walking
Going up stairs:
-good leg
-crutches
-bad leg
Going down stairs:
Opposite of going up
RNs do NOT delicate what they can EAT
E: evaluate
A: assess
T: teach
What disease require isolation precautions?
“My chicken hez TB”
Measles
Chicken pox
Herpes zoster
TB
Management for TB
Isolation
Negative pressure room
Private room
N-95
Droplet precautions:
Sepsis
Scarlet fever
Strep
Pertussis
Pneumonia
Parvovirus
Influenza
Diphtheria
Epiglottis
Rubella
Mumps
Adenovirus
Contact precautions
MRSA
VRSA
RSV
skin infection (herpes zoster, cutaneous diphtheria, impetigo, pediculosis, scabies, staph)
Wound infections
Enteric infections (c. Diff)
Eye infections
Management for contact precautions
Gown
Gloves
Goggles
Private room
4 E’s of angina precipitating factors
Exertion
Eating
Emotional distress
Extreme temperatures : hot or cold
4 P’s of arterial occlusion manifestation
Pain
Pulselessness or absent pulses
Pallor
Paresthesia
What is the treatment for congestive heart failure?
(MADD DOG)
Morphine
Amiodarone
Digoxin
Dopamine
Diuretic
Oxygen
Gas : monitor arterial blood gases (ABG)
What are causes of heart murmurs?
(SPASM)
Stenosis of a valve
Partial obstruction
Aneurysm
Septal defect
Mitral regurgitation
What are the heart sounds in order
“Ape to man”
Aortic
Pulmonic
Erbs point
Tricuspid
Mitral
Nursing interventions hypertension
(DIURETIC)
Daily weight
In and out
Urine output
Response of blood pressure
Electrolytes
Take pulse
Ischemic episodes
Complications : CVA, CAD, CHF, CRF
Causes of shortness of breath
(4 As + 4 Ps)
Airway obstruction
Angina
Anxiety
Asthma
Pneumonia
Pneumothorax
Pulmonary edema
Pulmonary embolism
Stroke sign
(FAST)
Face
Arms
Speech
Time
Signs and symptoms of compartment syndrome
(5Ps)
Pain
Pallor
Pulse decline or absent
Pressure increased
Paresthesia
Signs and symptoms of shock
(CHORD ITEM)
Cold, clammy skin
Hypotension
Oliguria
Rapid, shallow breaths
Drowsiness, confusion
Irritability
Tachycardia
Elevated or reduced central Venus pressure
Multi organ damage
Signs of hypoglycemia
(TIRED)
Tachycardia
Irritability
Restlessness
Excessive hunger
Diaphoresis and depression
Signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia
(CATS)
Convulsions
Arrhythmia
Tetany
Strider or spasm
Signs and symptoms of hypokalemia
6Ls
Lethargy
Leg cramps
Limp muscles
Low, shallow respiration
Lethal cardiac dysrhythmias
Lots of urine (polyuria)
Complications from hypertension
4Cs
Coronary artery disease (CAD)
Congestive heart failure (CHF)
Chronic renal failure (CRF)
Cardiovascular accident (CVA): brain attack, or stroke
Patient care regarding traction
(TRACTION)
-Temperature of extremity is assessed for signs of infection
-rope hangs freely
-Alignment of body and injured area
-Circulation check
-Type and location of fracture
-Increase fluid intake
-Overhead trapeze
-No weights on floor
Early warning signs of cancer
(CAUTION UP)
Change in bowel or bladder
A lesion that does not heal
Unusual, bleeding or discharge
Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
Obvious changes in wart or mole
Nagging, cough, or persistent hoarseness
Unexplained, weight loss
Pernicious, anemia
Signs and symptoms of leukemia
(ANT)
Anemia and decreased hemoglobin
Neutropenia and increase risk of infection
Thrombocytopenia and increase risk of bleeding
Clients require dialysis
(AEIOU) *vowels
Acid base imbalance
Electrolyte imbalance
Intoxication
Overload of fluids
Uremic symptoms
Asthma management
(ASTHMA)
Adrenergics: albuterol or other bronchodilator
Steroids
Theopylline
Hydration
Mask : oxygen therapy
Antibiotic : if there is a respiratory infection
Hypoxia :
Early signs: RAT
late signs: BED
Restlessness
Anxiety
Tachycardia and tachycardia
Bradycardia
Extreme restlessness
Dyspnea
Signs of pneumothorax
P THORAX
Pleuritic pain
Tracheal deviation
Hyperresonance
Onset sudden
Reduce breast sounds (and Dyspnea)
Absent fremitus
X-ray shows collapsed lung
Transient incontinence causes
(DIAPERS)
Delirium
Infection
Atropic urethra
Pharmaceuticals and psychological
Excess urine output
Restricted mobility
Stool impaction
Dysphasia: nursing actions
-Modify texture of food
-high fowlers
-Oral care prior to eating
-Allow adequate time for eating
-Utilize adaptive eating devices
-Encourage small bites
-Avoid thin liquids and sticky foods
What is dumping syndrome?
A complication of gastric surgeries that inhibit the ability of the Poric sphincter to control the movement of food into the small intestine
Signs and symptoms of dumping syndrome
Nausea
Distention
Cramping pains
Diarrhea within 15 minutes of eating
Weakness
Dizziness
Tachycardia
Hypoglycemia can occur
Dumping syndrome: nursing interventions
Small, frequent meals
Consume, protein and fat at each meal
Avoid concentrated sugars
Restrict lactose
Consume liquids one hour before or after eating meals (not with meals)
What is Gerd?
Leads to indigestion and heartburn from the backflow of acidic gastric juices into the mucosa of the lower esophagus
Gerd: nursing interventions
Avoid large meals and bedtime snacks
Encourage weight loss if patient is overweight
Avoid trigger foods : citrus, fruit, juice, spicy food, and carbonated beverages
Avoid items that reduce LES pressure : alcohol, caffeine, chocolate, fatty foods, peppermint, and spearmint flavors
Do not smoke
What is peptic ulcer disease? (PUD)
Erosion of the mucosal layer of the stomach or duodenum
Can be caused by H pylori or chronic use of NSAIDS
PUD: nursing interventions
Avoid eating, frequent meals and snacks (this promotes increased gastric acid secretion)
Avoid alcohol , smoking, coffee, black pepper, spicy food, caffeine, NSAIDS
What are signs and symptoms of lactose intolerant?
Distention
Cramps
Gas
Diarrhea
Things to know about diverticulitis
1) high fiber diet can prevent
2) during acute episodes, low fiber, diet is prescribed
Avoid foods with seeds or husks
What is cholecystitis?
Inflammation of the gallbladder.
Cholecystitis: nursing interventions
Limit, fat intake
Limit trigger foods : coffee, broccoli, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, cabbage, onions, legumes, highly seasoned foods
What is acute renal failure?
Abrupt rapid decline in a renal function
Causes : trauma, sepsis, poor perfusion, or medication’s
What are manifestations of acute renal failure?
Hyponatremia
Hypocalcemia
Hyperkalemia
Hyperphosphatemia
When is a person considered to be an end-stage renal disease?
When glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is less than 25 mL per minute
Nursing interventions for end-stage renal disease
Diet: high protein, low phosphorus, low, potassium, low sodium fluid restricted
Increase calcium and vitamin D
50% of protein should come from biological sources (eggs, milk, meat, fish, poultry, soy)
35 cal per kilogram of bodyweight should be consumed
Take phosphate, binders with all meals and snacks
What is nephrotic syndrome?
Serum protein leaks into the urine
Nephrotic syndrome: nursing interventions
Minimize edema
Replaced lost nutrients
Minimize permanent renal damage
High protein, low sodium
Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)
What increases the risk?
Excessive intake of:
Protein
Sodium
Calcium
Oxalates (rhubarb, spinach, beets)
