General Hormones

Question 1

ACTH

Answer 1

Adrenocorticotropic hormone, corticotropin
Activated by CRF (corticotropin-releasing factor)
Controls cortisol production in adrenal gland

Question 2

TSH

Answer 2

Thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyrotropin
Upregulated by TRH
↑T3, T4 upon stress

Question 3

FSH

Answer 3

follicle-stimulating hormone
stimulate estrogen and progesterone/testosterone and sperm
GnRH
follicle development
downregulated by progesterone and estrogen

Question 4

LH

Answer 4

luteinizing hormone
stimulate estrogen and progesterone/testosterone and sperm
GnRH
causes ovulation

Question 5

PRL

Answer 5

Prolactin
milk production
supressed by dopamine
inhibits GnRH and FSH

Question 6

ADH

Answer 6

anterior pituitary, neurohormone
Vasopressin
Contracts smooth muscle, raises blood pressure
allows water to diffuse into the blood (recruits aquaporins)

Question 7

oxytocin

Answer 7

made in hypothalamus, released by posterior pituitary
↑ during orgasm and hugging, during labour
contractions of uterus

Question 8

hGH

Answer 8

released from anterior pituitary
somatotropin, human growth hormone
Provides nutrients for ATP synthesis
adipose tissue –> ↑lipolysis (↓cholesterol) –> ↑FFA and glycerol
muscles –> ↑ protein synthesis, glucose, AA
bones –> ↑glucose, AA, protein synthesis, BMD, chondrogenesis
Liver –> ↑ gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis
↑IGF-1
↑Cardiac function
↑muscle mass, strength

Question 9

IGF-1

Answer 9

somatomedin, insulin-like growth factor

inhibits GHRH

Question 10

GHIH

Answer 10

somatostatin

Question 11

Aldosterone

Answer 11

mineralocorticoid
produced in adrenal gland
salt and water balance, blood pressure

Question 12

Cortisol

Answer 12

glucocorticoid

maintains blood sugar and blood pressure, antiinflamamtion

Question 13

What increases insulin secretion

Answer 13

↑glucose, FFA, AA
incretins (gastrin,cholecystokinin, GIP)
glucagon, GH, cortisol
PSN (acetylcholide)
beta adrenergic simulation
insulin resistance

Question 14

glucagon

Question 15

Ghrelin

Answer 15

↑Appetite, fat deposition

↑GH release

Question 16

Leptin

Answer 16

↓appetite
from white adipose tissue
triggered by insulin and emotional stress
less leptine –> less POMC (makes ACTH) –> less cortisol
less leptine –> more neuropeptide Y, stimulated carbohydrate intake

Question 17

CCK

Answer 17

cholecystokinin
peptide
fat and protein digestion

Question 18

PYY

Answer 18

Peptide tyrosine tyrosine

↓appetite, limit food intake

Question 19

estrogen

Answer 19

Growth of tissues of sex organs

Strengthens bones, protective effect on the hearth

Question 20

progesterone

Answer 20

stimulates uterus lining for fertilization

inhibits FSH and LH

Question 21

androgen

Answer 21

kick starts puberty, stimulates pubic and underarm hair

testosterone is an androgen

Question 22

Testosterone

Answer 22

hair growth, muscle development, bone strengthening

Question 23

Corticosteroid

Answer 23

Produced in adrenal gland
Anti inflammatory, blood sugar levels, muscle strength
ex: prednisone

Question 24

globulin

Answer 24

protein, immune clotting

Question 25

albumin

Answer 25

protein, colloid osmotic pressure

Question 26

fibrinogen

Answer 26

protein, blood coagulation

Question 27

Catecholamines

Answer 27

tyrosine and AA derived

dopamine, Ne, serotonin

Question 28

What decreases insulin secretion

Answer 28

↓blood glucose
fasting
GHIH
alpha-adrenergic activity
leptin (hunger inhibition)

Question 29

Insulin promotes

Answer 29

↑Glucose effect
↑Glycolysis
↑Glycogen synthesis
↑protein synthesis

Question 30

Insulin inhibits

Answer 30

gluconeogenesis, glucigenolysis, lipoysis, ketegenesis, proteolysis