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Ped. Audiology > General HL > Flashcards

General HL Flashcards

1
Q

What is the importance of early hearing detection and intervention (EHDI)?

A
  • Max ling competence and lit dev. for children who are Deaf or HH.
  • Otherwise fall behind in
    • comm
    • cog
    • read
    • soc-emo dev
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2
Q

Consequences of Delaying Hearing Loss Identification (Hint: 7)

A
  1. Communicative
  2. Social
  3. Emotional
  4. Cognitive
  5. Academic
    …resulting in neg affects on
  6. vocational and
  7. economical potential.
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3
Q

How many children are born w/congenital, significant, permanent, bilateral HL?

A

~ 3 in 1,000

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4
Q

How many infants are born each day in US w/perm HL?

A

33

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5
Q

How many children acquire deafness in early childhood?

A

3 in 1,000

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6
Q

What percent of children with permanent hearing loss are born to two hearing parents?

A

92%

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7
Q

Hearing loss affects ______ children born in US/yr, making it the most common birth defect

A

12,000

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8
Q

What pop. is at higher risk of HL?

A

Infants who spend time in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) during the newborn period.

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9
Q

Why has the average age of HL ID decreased to 2-3 mos of age?

A

Universal Newborn Hearing Screenings (UNHS) and early hearing detection and intervention (EHDI).

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10
Q

~90% of very young children’s knowledge is attributed to what?

A

“Incidental reception” of sounds around them.

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11
Q

What is the most common cause of HL?

A
  • Ear infection and is most common infectious disease in childhood
  • ~5mill. school days are missed due to otitis media.
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12
Q

What will almost all children dev. between birth and 10?

A

Some period of hearing loss related to ear infections.

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13
Q

What % of children fail hearing screenings?

A

10-15% because they cannot hear WNL.

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14
Q

How Does Sound Travel Through the Ear? (Hint: 5)

A
  1. Outer ear (acoustic energy)
    • Pinna
    • EAM
    • TM
  2. Middle ear (mechanical energy)
    • Malleus
    • Incus
    • Stapes
  3. Inner ear (electro-chemical energy)
    • Basilar membrane
    • Traveling wave
    • Responses of hair cells
  4. Auditory nerve (electrical energy)
  5. Sound representation in the central auditory system
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15
Q

What are the 2 pathways in which we can hear?

A
  1. Air conduction pathway

2. Bone conduction pathway

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16
Q

How do we describe the nature of a HL? (Hint: 4)

A
  1. Type
  2. Degree
  3. Ear specifics (unilat or bilat)
  4. Cause
17
Q

What are the 4 different types of HL?

A
  1. Conductive
  2. Sensorineural
  3. Mixed
  4. (Central) Auditory Processing Disorder: very grey area because no good standard to test or diagnose CAPD because symptoms can overlap with other D/O (learning disability or ADD)
18
Q

What are the different degrees of HL? (Hint: 7)

A
  1. Normal
  2. Borderline Normal
  3. Mild
  4. Moderate
  5. Moderately severe
  6. Severe
  7. Profound
19
Q

Acoustics of speech

A
  • Speech energy is relatively small
  • Fricatives are soft and easier to miss
  • word recognition is btwn 500 - 2,000Hz
  • Vowels are louder and lower in frequency
  • Normal convo is 50-55 dBHL
  • V and C ~28dB range in variation of normal conversation level
20
Q

Effect of hearing loss on speech and language development

A

Depends on:

  1. Severity
  2. Configuration of diagram (sloping -high freq HL, rising - low freq HL, concave- mild range)
  3. Duration may affect neuroplasticity, stability
  4. Was it congenital or acquired
21
Q

Auditory-vocal link

A

(Need good input to have good output)
INPUT
• Auditory perception and processing
OUTPUT
• Speech and spoken language organization and production

22
Q

Challenges to auditory development of children w/HL

A
  • Early ID of HL → starting point; but lots of challenges (financial difficulties/cultural differences/etc.)
  • Early, consistent use of adv. hearing instruments
  • Early access to aud.-based lang. learning in home
  • Access to knowledgeable and skilled professionals
23
Q

Neural plasticity (definition and changes w/deafness)

A
  • Change can occur in sensory systems and adjust to new environment
  • Important for dev and learning
  • Results from synaptic strengthening and weakening
24
Q

Ling Six Sound Test

A

• Daily perceptual check of detect and discrim
• 6 sounds represent the freq range of entire speech spectrum
/u/, /m/, /a/, /i/, /ʃ/, /s/
• May ID speech perception problems by noting any aud confusions
• Brief way to ID HL figuration

25
Q

Define: Universal Newborn Hearing Screening (UNHS)

A
  • Early ID of HL of all degrees and types in one or both ears in the birth to 3
  • Ease of accessibility, affordability, and user friendliness
  • Screen as early as 6-14 hours after birth
26
Q

Effectiveness of UNHS

A
  • Sig dec in age that HL is Dx in infants/toddlers, resulting in earlier:
  • referral for med. intervention
  • ongoing connection to parent support services
  • fitting of amp/CI
  • enrollment in EI
  • initiation of comm. Tx
27
Q

“1-3-6” rules of UNHS

A

By…

  • 1 mo: screen all infants (normal for infants is 15-25 dBHL)
  • 3 mos: all failed receive AE
  • 6 mos: ID HL = enroll in EIP
28
Q

Barriers to In-Pt. UNHS

A
  • Parental refusal
  • Hospital misses opp to screen
  • Designated screening area not available
  • Equip. malfunction
29
Q

“Risk Indicators” for Possible Late Onset Hearing Loss → write essay examples

A

See handout 3

30
Q

Children with multiple disabilities

A

May not receive timely AE due to medically fragile state

Ped. Audiology (3 decks)

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