General HL Flashcards
What is the importance of early hearing detection and intervention (EHDI)?
- Max ling competence and lit dev. for children who are Deaf or HH.
- Otherwise fall behind in
- comm
- cog
- read
- soc-emo dev
Consequences of Delaying Hearing Loss Identification (Hint: 7)
- Communicative
- Social
- Emotional
- Cognitive
- Academic
…resulting in neg affects on - vocational and
- economical potential.
How many children are born w/congenital, significant, permanent, bilateral HL?
~ 3 in 1,000
How many infants are born each day in US w/perm HL?
33
How many children acquire deafness in early childhood?
3 in 1,000
What percent of children with permanent hearing loss are born to two hearing parents?
92%
Hearing loss affects ______ children born in US/yr, making it the most common birth defect
12,000
What pop. is at higher risk of HL?
Infants who spend time in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) during the newborn period.
Why has the average age of HL ID decreased to 2-3 mos of age?
Universal Newborn Hearing Screenings (UNHS) and early hearing detection and intervention (EHDI).
~90% of very young children’s knowledge is attributed to what?
“Incidental reception” of sounds around them.
What is the most common cause of HL?
- Ear infection and is most common infectious disease in childhood
- ~5mill. school days are missed due to otitis media.
What will almost all children dev. between birth and 10?
Some period of hearing loss related to ear infections.
What % of children fail hearing screenings?
10-15% because they cannot hear WNL.
How Does Sound Travel Through the Ear? (Hint: 5)
- Outer ear (acoustic energy)
- Pinna
- EAM
- TM
- Middle ear (mechanical energy)
- Malleus
- Incus
- Stapes
- Inner ear (electro-chemical energy)
- Basilar membrane
- Traveling wave
- Responses of hair cells
- Auditory nerve (electrical energy)
- Sound representation in the central auditory system
What are the 2 pathways in which we can hear?
- Air conduction pathway
2. Bone conduction pathway
How do we describe the nature of a HL? (Hint: 4)
- Type
- Degree
- Ear specifics (unilat or bilat)
- Cause
What are the 4 different types of HL?
- Conductive
- Sensorineural
- Mixed
- (Central) Auditory Processing Disorder: very grey area because no good standard to test or diagnose CAPD because symptoms can overlap with other D/O (learning disability or ADD)
What are the different degrees of HL? (Hint: 7)
- Normal
- Borderline Normal
- Mild
- Moderate
- Moderately severe
- Severe
- Profound
Acoustics of speech
- Speech energy is relatively small
- Fricatives are soft and easier to miss
- word recognition is btwn 500 - 2,000Hz
- Vowels are louder and lower in frequency
- Normal convo is 50-55 dBHL
- V and C ~28dB range in variation of normal conversation level
Effect of hearing loss on speech and language development
Depends on:
- Severity
- Configuration of diagram (sloping -high freq HL, rising - low freq HL, concave- mild range)
- Duration may affect neuroplasticity, stability
- Was it congenital or acquired
Auditory-vocal link
(Need good input to have good output)
INPUT
• Auditory perception and processing
OUTPUT
• Speech and spoken language organization and production
Challenges to auditory development of children w/HL
- Early ID of HL → starting point; but lots of challenges (financial difficulties/cultural differences/etc.)
- Early, consistent use of adv. hearing instruments
- Early access to aud.-based lang. learning in home
- Access to knowledgeable and skilled professionals
Neural plasticity (definition and changes w/deafness)
- Change can occur in sensory systems and adjust to new environment
- Important for dev and learning
- Results from synaptic strengthening and weakening
Ling Six Sound Test
• Daily perceptual check of detect and discrim
• 6 sounds represent the freq range of entire speech spectrum
/u/, /m/, /a/, /i/, /ʃ/, /s/
• May ID speech perception problems by noting any aud confusions
• Brief way to ID HL figuration
Define: Universal Newborn Hearing Screening (UNHS)
- Early ID of HL of all degrees and types in one or both ears in the birth to 3
- Ease of accessibility, affordability, and user friendliness
- Screen as early as 6-14 hours after birth
Effectiveness of UNHS
- Sig dec in age that HL is Dx in infants/toddlers, resulting in earlier:
- referral for med. intervention
- ongoing connection to parent support services
- fitting of amp/CI
- enrollment in EI
- initiation of comm. Tx
“1-3-6” rules of UNHS
By…
- 1 mo: screen all infants (normal for infants is 15-25 dBHL)
- 3 mos: all failed receive AE
- 6 mos: ID HL = enroll in EIP
Barriers to In-Pt. UNHS
- Parental refusal
- Hospital misses opp to screen
- Designated screening area not available
- Equip. malfunction
“Risk Indicators” for Possible Late Onset Hearing Loss → write essay examples
See handout 3
Children with multiple disabilities
May not receive timely AE due to medically fragile state
