General Grammer Flashcards
Perfect/ past tense- distinct start and end
Present tense avoir/etre
Add ending er-é, Ir-i, Re-u
With mrs vandertramp must agree
Present tense avoir
Ai, as, a, avons, avez, ont
Present tense etre
Suis, es, est, sommes, êtes, sont
Present tense
Remove ending, add ending
Er- e,es,e,ons,ez,ent:
Ir- is,is,it,issons,issez,issent:
Re-s,s,-,ons,ez,ent
Imperfect tense- used for regular activities, weather, description, feelings, opinions, done regularly, setting the scene, was/were -ing
Remove ending,
If ir add iss,
Add endings- ai,ais,ait, ions,iez,aient
Future tense-simple
(Present) aller- vais, vas, va,allons,allez,vont +infinitive
Future tense (other way)
Infinitive (must end in r, if re remove e) + ai,as,a,ons,ez,ont
Le conditionnel- future tense with doubt eg. Would, should or could
Future stem with imperfect ending- ais,ait, ais,aions,iez,aient
Pluperfect tense- past tense to talk about an action that happened before another action eg. The train had left when she arrived at the station
Imperfect tense avoir/étre- av/ét+ais,ais,ait,ions,iez,aient. +ending (on verb) er-é, ir-i, re-u
Used to say someone did two different things, one after the other, not at the same time- only use when the person did both actions
Après+avoir(or être if MRS VANDERTRAMP), past participle of verb (add é i or u) and agree if etre, second action is usually in perfect tense
Before doing something and then did something else also eg. Before watching a film, i finished my homework
Avant de+inf
Near future- going to do
Aller (vais, va,va,allons,avez, vont) +inf
Just done something eg. I have just finished my homework
Venir (viens, vient, vient, venons, venez, viennent) de +inf
In the middle of doing something-i’m having lunch
Étre (suis,es,est,sommes,êtes, sont) +en train de+inf
To play an instrument
De
To play a sport/game
à
Reflexive verbs
Me, te,se,nous,vous,se +present tense être which must agree with pronoun
To have to
Dois,dois,doit,devons,devez,doivent
To be able to
Peux,peux,peut,pouvons,pouvez, pouvent
To want to
Veux,veux, veux, voulons, voulez, voulent
Saying what hurts
Avoir mal +au/àla, à l’, aux+ body part
When is qui used
Qui+verb
When is que used?
Que+ person,
Must agree dop, verb agrees with the object it is describing
Whilst/ by doing something- present participle
En + nous form of present, -ons, +ant
What are the exceptions for the present participle- by/whilst doing something
Être- étant, avoir-ayant, savoir- sachant
Not
Ne pas de
Never
Ne jamais de
Any more
Ne plus de
Nothing
Ne rien de
Nobody
Ne personne de
Neither nor
Ni ni
Only
Ne que
This/that
Ce- m sing, cette- f sing, ces- plural
Describing flavours
Au, à l’, à la, aux
You can
On peut
To a city or smaller
À
To a country
Au, en, aux
There was/were
Il y avait
My
Mon,ma,mes
Your
Ton,ta,tes
His/her
Son,sa,ses
Our
Notre,notre,nos
Your (p)
Votre, votre, vos
Their
Leur, leur, leurs
I cant wait
Je l’attends avec impatience
One of these days
Un de ces quatre
Of it/ them/some/any
En
To prefer (adj)
Favouri(te), préféré(e)
Already
Déjà
To meet- first time
Recontrer
To meet- again
Retrouver
For (a length of time)
Pendant- past, pour-not in past
Close to emotionally
Proche
Cant wait to do
Avoir hâte de+ inf
Reason
Raison
In 3 years time
D’ici trois ans
Visiting a place
Visiter
Visiting a person
Rendre visite à
You should
On devrait +inf
Is there
Y a-t-il?
To like/ appreciate
Apprécier
When i got there
Lorsque j’y suis arrivée
So
Alors
I decided to go
J’ai décidé d’aller
Opposite my house
En face de chez moi
Next to
À côté de
What i like the most
Ce qu j’aime le plus
Had (foodwise)
Pris
Healthily
Sainement
Class mate/friend
Camarade de classe
Superlative- The most/ least something
Le/la/les, plus/moins, adj(agree
Last
Dernier(masc), dernière (f)
The best/worst
La/le/les meilleur(es)/pire(s)+ noun
More than
Plus qu
As as
Aussi que
Less than
Moins que
Better
Miex
Worse
Pire
Adverbs
Feminine form of adjective add -ment (ent ending add emment, ant endings add amment), adverb normally after verb
I’m interested in
Je m’intéresse à
Have you?
Avez-vous
At what time
À quelle heure
Want
Veux
Job
Travail/emploi
Training
La formation
Accents on a and u
Only à and ù
When is é used
First or last letter, end of syllable
When is È used
If in middle syllable
Adjective agreement -x feminie
-se
-ve feminie
-ve
-er feminine
-ère
-on or -il feminine
Double n or l before adding e
Adjective positioning
Most after noun but some before (size, beauty, age, good/bad)
Future stem aller
Ir
Future stem avoir
Aur
Future stem etre
Ser
Future stem faire
Fer
Future stem savoir
To know- saur
Future stem pouvoir
To be able to-pourr
Future stem devoir
To have to-deur
Future stem vouloir
Voudr
Future stem prendre
To take- prendr
Imperfect stem aller
All
Imperfect stem avoir
Av
Imperfect stem etre
Ét
Imperfect stem faire
Fais
Imperfect stem prende
Pren
Imperfect stem savoir
Sav
Imperfect stem pouvoir
Pouv
Imperfect stem devoir
Dev
Imperfect stem vouloir
Voul
Past tense avoir
Eu
Perfect tense etre
Été
Perfect tense savoir
Su
Perfect tense pouvoir
Pu
Perfect tense devoir
Dû
Perfect tense vouloir
Voulu
Days of the week are what gender
Masculine
Seasons are what gender
Masculine
Gender -Most nouns that end in -age
Masc
Gender- most nouns ending in -er
Masc
Gender- most nouns end in -eau
Mac
Gender- countries ending in -e
Fem
Gender- most nouns ending in -e
Fem
Gender- most nouns end in -ée
Fem
Gender- all nouns ending in -sion or -tion
Fem
Gender- all nouns ending in -té
Fem
Pluralise -nouns ending in -al
-aux
Pluralise nouns ending in -eau
Add -x to end
Pluralise nouns ending in -eu
Add x
Plurlise some nouns ending in -ail
-aux
Pluralise some nouns ending in -ou
Add x
Abstract nouns
Talk about qualities (eg generosity, modisty)
Always
My
Mon, ma mes
Your (inf)
Ton, ta , tes
His/her/its
Son, sa, ses
Our
Notre, notre, nos
Your (f)
Votre, votre, vos
Their
Leur, leur, leurs
Possessive adjective agreement
Agree with noun they describe not with the person that the noun belongs to
More than
Plus - que
Less than
Moins _ que
As _ as
Aussi _que
The _est eg. The biggest
Le/la/les plus
The best
Le meilleur/ la meilleure
The worst
Le/ la pire
Bad
Mauvais(e)
Good
Bon
Better
Meilleur(e)
Worse
Pire
Which
Quel/quelle/quels/quelles
-must go next to the noun they describe
What
If not next to noun it describes but still agrees
Quel/quelle
This/that
Ce/cette
These/those
Ces (both f&m)
This- before vowel/silent ‘h’
Cet/ cette (F)
To make this/these more clear
Ce/ces_-ci
To make that/those more clear
Ce/ces_-là
Chaque
Each
- sing noun
- use third person of verb with it
Quelque
Some
- agrees w/ word it describes
- add -s to quelque if plural
Each
Chaque
Some
Quelque (s)
Assez de
Enough of
Beaucoup de
A lot of
Une bouteille de
A bottle of
Une cannette de
A can of
Un kilo de
A kilo of
Un pot de
A pot of
Cinq cents grammes de
500g of
Un litre de
A litre of
Une boîte de
A tin of
Une tranche de
A slice of
Une tranche de
A slice of
Un paquet de
A packet of
Un morceau de
A piece of
Un quart de
A quarter of
La moitié de
Half of
Un tiers de
A third of
Rather (tall)
Plutôt
Enourmously
Énormément
Enough of
Assez de
A lot of
Beaucoup de
A bottle of
Une bouteille de
A can of
Une cannette de
A kilo of
Un kilo de
A pot of
Un pot de
500g of
Cinq cents grammes de
A litre of
Un litre de
A tin of
Une boîte de
A slice of
Une tranche de
A packet of
Un paquet de
A piece of
Un morceau de
A quater of
Un quart de
Half of
La moitié de
A third of
Un tiers de
Forming adverbs
Take fem fom of adjective add -ment
Real/really
Vraiment
Absolutely
Absolument
Adverb forming -ent
Emment
Adverb forming -ant
-amment
Positioning of adverb
Usually after verb they describe but can be at start of sentence for effect
Combien (De)
How many/much
Comment
How/what
Pourquoi
Why
Quand
When
Ways to ask a question
- Put q word at end and raise tone of voice
- put q word at start and add est-ce que
- put q word at start and invert subject and verb
Always
Toujours
Often
Souvent
Usually
D’habitude
Normally
Normalement
Sometimes
Quelquefois
From time to time
De temps en temps
Rarely
Rarement
Today
Aujourd’hui
Hier
Yesterday
Yesterday
Hier
Demain
Tomorrow
Tomorrow
Demain
Enfin/finalement
At last/finally
At last/finally
Enfin/finalement
D’abord
At first/firstly
At first/finally
D’abord
Aleady
Déjà
Tout de suite
Immediately
Immediately
Tout de suite
Maintenant
Now
Now
Maintenant
Plus tard
Later
Later
Plus tard
Here
Ici
Là-bas
Over there
Over there
Là-bs
Loin
Far
Far
Loin
Partout
Everywhere
Everywhere
Partout
Me
Moi
Toi
You
Lui
Him/it
Elle
Her/it
Nous
Us
Vous
You
Eux
Them (m)
Elles
Them (f)
Me
Moi
You(s)
Toi
Him/it
Lui
Her/it
Elle
Us
Nous
You (pl/f)
Vous
Them(m)
Eux
Them (F)
Elles
Quelqu’un
Someone
Cela
That
Ça
That
This one
Celui/celle-ci
That one
Celle/celui-là
Those (that)
Ceux (+qui/que)
Le mien/mienne/les miens/miennes
Mine
Yours
Le tien/tienne/ les tiens/tiennes
Le sien/sienne/les siens/siennes
His/hers/its
Le nôtre/les nôtres
Ours
Le vôtre/vôtres
Yours
Le leur/leurs
Theirs
Y
There/to there
En
Some/any/of it/of them
There/to there
Y
Some/any/of it/of them
En
Ne_guère
Hardly
Ne_aucun(E)
Not any
Hardly
Ne_guère
Not any
Ne_aucun(e)
Nobody/nothing at start of sentence
Personne/rien ne
Personne placement
After past participle
Ne que/ni ni placement
Whole of perfect tense
You must/ it’s necessary
Il faut
You must not
Il ne faut pas
You mustn’t/is forbidden
Il est interdit de
I need some
Il me faut de
It takes an hour to get there by car
Il faut une heure pour y aller en voiture
Il faut que + subjective
I must _
Il faut
It’s necessary/ you must
Il ne faut pas
You must not
Il est interdit de + inf
You mustn’t/ is forbidden
Il me faut de
I need some
Passive voice
Things that are done to something/someone
Passive voice in perfect
Etre + past participle
Eg. The book is read - le livre est lu
Passive voice perfect
Change etre - il a été invité
Passive voice imperfect
Était- was finally built
Passive voice future
Sera- Will be sold
How long you had been doing somethng
Depuis + imperfect tense
Eg. Had been waiting for - attendait depuis
Diff structures for si clauses
Si+present+future
Si +imperfect+conditional
Contre
Against
Against
Contre
Entre
Between
Between
Entre
Sans
Without
Without
Sans
Sur
On
Sous
Under
Under
Sous
Vers
Towards
Towards
Vers
À côté de
Beside/next to
Beside/near to
À côté de
Opposite
En face de
En face de
Opposite
À cause de
Because of
Au lieu de
Instead of
Because of
À cauede
Instead of
Au lieu de
Ou bien
Or else
Or else
Ou bien
Et_et
Both_and
Both_and
Et_et
Puisque
Since/as/seeing that
Since/as/seeing that
Puisque
Lorsque
When
When
Lorsque
Avoir-present tense- have
Ai,as,a,avons,avez,ont
Etre-present tense-to be
Suis,es,est,sommes,êtes,sont
Aller- present tense
Vais,vas,va,allons,allez,vont
Faire present tense
Fais,fais,fait,faisons,faites,font
Prendre- present tense- to take
Prends, prends, prend, prenons, prenez, prennent
Dire- present tense- to say/till
Dis, dis, dit, disons, dites, disent
Voir- present tense- to see
Vois, vois, voit, voyons, voyez, voient
Rire- to laugh- present tense
Ris, ris, rit, rions, riez, rient
Mettre- present tense-to put
Mets, mets, met, mettons, mettez, mettent
Sortir- present tense- to go out
Sors, sors, sont, sortons, sortez, sortent
To know (how to)- present tense
Sais, sais, sait, savons, savez, savent
How many examples of each tense to give for french writing shorter essay
3
All/every
Tout-ms
Touts-mp
Tous-fs
Toutes-fp
Time/went
Le temps
Set amount of number of times/occurences
Fois
Which i study at school
Que j’etudie l’école
Faire present
Fais, fais , fait, faisons, faites, font
Prfect tense faire
Avoir + fait
Imperfect tense faire
Fais+ ending
Future tese faire
Fer+ ending
Vouloir- to want - prefect
Avoir+ voulu
Vouloir- imperfect
Voul
Vouloir- to want - future
Voudr
Direct object pronouns
- replac noun with it
- le la les before verb
Indirect object pronouns
- to say to me, to him
- le (me/te/lui/nous/vous/leur)
- after pronoun eg. Je but before avoir eg. Ai
That
Cela /ça
-used w/ il/ell/on
