General Glossary of Terms

Question 1

Define Physiology

Answer 1

• Functions/mechanisms of a living organism.
• Workings of an organism.

Question 2

Define conditioning

Answer 2

Training an organism to behave in a certain way or to accept certain circumstances.

Question 3

Describe Leptin (ps. it`s a hormone)

Answer 3

• Produced by fat cells (Andi pose tissue)
• Signals brain to stop eating.

Question 4

Describe Ghrelin (ps. it`s a hormone)

Answer 4

• Hunger hormone, stimulates appetite.
• Secreted by stomach, when stomach is empty and stops when stomach is stretched.

Question 5

Describe Insulin (ps. it`s a hormone)

Answer 5

• Secreted in response to to high blood sugar.
• Aims to regulate blood glucose level.

Question 6

Define Appetite

Answer 6

• Desire for food. Triggered by sight/aroma of food.
• Conditioned response.
• if not satisfied, goes away unlike hunger.

Question 7

Define Satiety

Answer 7

• Feeling of fullness/satisfaction after eating.

Question 8

Define Sensory Appreciation

Answer 8

• The information we get from all of our senses regarding food, internal and external.

Question 9

Define Appearance

Answer 9

• Looks and texture.

Question 10

Define Aroma

Answer 10

• Smell or Bouquet

Question 11

Define mechanical digestion

Answer 11

• Use of physical force, such as chewing or churning to break food into smaller pieces.
• Physically breaking food into smaller pieces.

Question 12

Define chemical digestion

Answer 12

• Use of enzymes and bacteria to break food into smaller pieces.
• Begins from ingestion.
• Started from sensory appearance.

Question 13

Define Microbiology

Answer 13

Biology of small organisms. (When discussing food studies, we are referring to the small microscopic bacteria in the intestinal tract, there is trillions of them).

Question 14

Describe the Microbiology of the intestinal tract

Answer 14

• Microscopic living organisms, such as bacteria in the intestines.
• 100 trillion individual bacteria’s in intestinal tract.

Question 15

Describe the role of the Microflora

Answer 15

• Improve digestion.
• Absorb short chain fatty acids.
• Assist with synthesis of Vitamins K and B.

Question 16

Define Prebiotic

Answer 16

• Compounds in food products that are non digestible.
• Fibers and resistant starches.

Question 17

Define Probiotic

Answer 17

• Live, microbial supplements such as bacteria > enhance nutrition absorption.

Question 18

Describe Macro-Nutrients

Answer 18

• Carbohydrates, proteins and fibers.
• Essential for body as they supply energy and molecules for growth.
• Absorbed through small intestine.