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Electrology > General Glossary > Flashcards

General Glossary Flashcards

1
Q

Archard Thiers Syndrome

A

Hormonal disorder seen in postmenopausal women with diabetes, characterized by growth of body hair in a masculine distribution

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2
Q

Acquired

A

Incurred as a result of factors acting from or originating outside the organism; not inherited

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3
Q

Acute

A

Sharp; having severe symptoms and a short course

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4
Q

ACTH

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

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5
Q

Adrenal gland

A

Either of two secretory organs perched atop the kidneys. Each consists of two parts having independent functions: the cortex and the medulla. The adrenal cortex, in response to adrenocorticotropic hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary, secretes cortisol and androgens

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6
Q

Adrenal virilism

A

The development in a female or male secondary sexual characteristics resulting from excessive production of androgenic hormones

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7
Q

Alopecia

A

Partial or complete lack of hair. Absence of hair from the skin areas where it is normally present

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8
Q

Amenorrhea

A

Absence or, or abnormal stoppage of, the menses

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9
Q

Ampere

A

A measurement of electrical current flow

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10
Q

Anagen

A

Growing phase of the hair cycle during which synthesis of hair takes place

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11
Q

Anaphoresis

A

The process of forcing liquids into unbroken skin using the negative pole

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12
Q

Androgens

A

Any steroid hormone that increases male characteristics

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13
Q

Androgenic

A

Producing masculine characteristics

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14
Q

Anode

A

The positive pole

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15
Q

Anovular, anovulatory

A

Without ovulation. Chronic anovulation is a common sign of infertility

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16
Q

Antiseptic

A

A chemical used on or in living tissue to inhibit or destroy microorganisms. The chemicals and concentrations used for antisepsis are not typically the same as those used for disinfection; not appropriate for cleaning for disinfecting inanimate substances. Regulated by the FDA

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17
Q

Apocrine sweat glands

A

Found primarily in the skin in the armpit and in the pigmented skin areas around the genitals. They are larger than eccrine glands, and instead of watery sweat, they secret a thicker secretion. Aprocrine glands enlarge and begin to function at puberty

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18
Q

Areola

A

The pigmented ring surrounding the nipple of the breast

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19
Q

Artery

A

A blood vessel which carries blood away from the heart to the various parts of the body

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20
Q

Asepsis

A

The freedom from infection; the prevention of contact with microorganisms

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21
Q

Autonomic nerve

A

The part of the nervous system that is responsibility for control and regulation of involuntary bodily functions

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22
Q

Axilla (plural axillae)

A

Armpit or underarm

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23
Q

Bacillus (plural bacilli)

A

Any rod shaped microorganism

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24
Q

Bacteria

A

Minute, one celled, vegetable, microorganisms

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25
Q

Bactericide

A

Agent that destroys bacteria

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26
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

Most common, least severe type of skin cancer. Usually begins as a pearly nodule

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27
Q

Blanching

A

Whitening of the epidermis resulting from overtreating the skin with high frequency current

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28
Q

Blend method

A

The use of galvanic and high frequency currents used either superimposed on one another or sequentially

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29
Q

Bulbous

A

Pertaining to, or like a bulb, in shale and structure. Bulbous needle

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30
Q

Bulla

A

Blister containing fluid

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31
Q

Calamine

A

A mild antiseptic pink lotion containing zinc oxide and ferric oxide in alcohol used for the treatment of dermatitis

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32
Q

Capillary

A

One of the tiny blood vessels that connect the arteries and veins

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33
Q

Carcinoma

A

A new growth or malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue and may infiltrate local tissues or produce metastases

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34
Q

Catagen

A

Transition phase of hair growth cycle

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35
Q

Cataphoresis

A

The use of the positive electrode to force

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36
Q

Cathode

A

Is the negative pole in direct current

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37
Q

Caustic

A

A corrosive chemical or agent which is capable of burning or destroying living tissue

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38
Q

Cell

A

Unit of protoplasm consisting of a nucleus, surrounded by cytoplasm, and enclosed in the cell membrane

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39
Q

Central nervous system

A

The brain and spinal cord, enclosed by the skull and vertebral canal

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40
Q

Chloasma

A

Brown patches of irregular shape and size of the skin, commonly called melasma, and is associated with pregnancy, menopause, or oral contraceptives

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41
Q

Chronic disease

A

Illness of long duration; recurring

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42
Q

Cilia

A

Eyelashes; small, motile hair like extensions from a cell

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43
Q

Circuit

A

A complete path over which electrical current may flow

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44
Q

Circulatory system

A

The body’s system of blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to all parts of the body, carrying oxygen and nutrients to and cleansing wastes from all body areas

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45
Q

Club hair

A

A non-living hair that is detached from the lower portion of the hair follicle, after the telogen stage

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46
Q

Coagulate

A

To cause clot. To change from liquid to solid

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47
Q

Comedone

A

Aka blackhead. A plug in an excretory duct of the skin, containing microorganisms and keratin squamae, bacteria, and sebum

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48
Q

Conductor

A

A material that will conduct electrical current

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49
Q

Congenital

A

Existing at birth, referring to certain mental or physical traits

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50
Q

Contagious

A

Capable of being transmitted from one person to another

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51
Q

Contamination

A

The soiling or making jnferior by contact or mixture such as the introduction of organisms in a wound

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52
Q

Converter

A

An electrical device for converting direct current to alternating current

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53
Q

Corium

A

Also called cutis, true skin, or dermis. The layer under the epidermis, consisting of dense vascular connective tissue, and containing the nerves and terminal organs of sensation, the hair like roots and sebaceous and sweat glands

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54
Q

Corpuscle

A

A small mass or body. A blood cell

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55
Q

Cortex

A

The second or middle layer of the hair shaft. Also the external layer of an organ or other body structure.

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56
Q

Corticosteroid

A

The steroids produced by the adrenal cortex, including cortisol, corticosterone, aldosterone, etc

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57
Q

Cortisone

A

A hormone produced by the adrenal

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58
Q

Cushing’s syndrome

A

Condition resulting from a hyper functioning of the adrenal cortex. Symptoms include obesity with a round face, thin skin that bruises easily, muscle weakness, bone loss and elevated blood sugar, excess hair and amenorrhea. Use of steroid drugs may also produce these symptoms

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59
Q

DC

A

Direct current

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60
Q

Dermal papilla

A

An elevation of the projecting corium under the surface of a hair bulb. It contains capillaries through which a hair receives its nourishment

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61
Q

Dermis

A

The layer below the epidermis of the skin; corium or true skin

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62
Q

Diabetic

A

One who has diabetes, a disease associated with insufficient insulin production

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63
Q

Diathermy

A

This relates to the raising of the body tissue temperature using high frequency current, short wave, microwave or ultrasonic wave

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64
Q

Dimpling

A

The temporary formation of slight depressions in the epidermis, that result when the electrolysis needle insertion is incorrect or when the pressure on the needle is excessive

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65
Q

Direct current

A

Electric current that flows in one direction only. Electrolysis current, DC

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66
Q

Disease

A

Any departure from health; illness in general. A particular destructive process in an organ or organism with a specific cause and characteristic symptoms

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67
Q

Disinfection

A

A process that reduces the level of microbial contamination. A disinfectant is a chemical or physical agent that is applied to inanimate objects to kill microbes

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68
Q

Distorted hair follicle

A

A hair follicle that may have been damaged from a previous event or naturally bent out of a normal shape

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69
Q

Dry heat sterilizer

A

A forced air oven type device specifically designed to sterilize items by exposure to high temperatures for designated exposure periods. Dry heat sterilizers are regulated by the FDA

70
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

Painful menstruation

71
Q

Eccrine sweat gland

A

One of many glands distributed over the entire skin surface, that because they secrete sweat, are important in regulating body heat

72
Q

Ecchymosis

A

A bruise; superficial bleeding under the skin or a mucous membrane

73
Q

Eczema

A

A superficial inflammatory process involving primarily the epidermis; papilla and vesicles: weep, ooze, crust and often cause pigment changes

74
Q

Edema

A

An abnormal accumulation of fluid in cells, tissues, or cavities of the body, resulting in swelling

75
Q

Electrocoagulation

A

Coagulation of tissue by means of a high frequency electrical current

76
Q

Electrode

A

Either pole or terminal of an electric cell. In electrolysis the needle is a negative electrode or cathode and the rod is a positive electrode

77
Q

Electrodessication

A

Usually refers to minor surgery performed with an electrode; dehydration of tissue by use of high frequency current which produces heat

78
Q

Electroepilation

A

The removal of hair from the human body by the application of electrical current

79
Q

Electroepilator

A

A device which removes hair from the human body by the application of an electrical current. Electrolysis epilator

80
Q

Electrologist

A

A person trained in Electrology; practitioner of electrolysis

81
Q

Electrology

A

The procedure of using a needle with electrolysis, thermolysis, or blended currents for permanent hair removal. Also, the study of electrolysis

82
Q

Electrolysis

A

The permanent removal of unwanted hair from the body by destroying the hair roots with an electrified needle

83
Q

Electrolytic

A

Pertaining to electrolysis or to an electrolyte

84
Q

Electron

A

Any of the negatively charged particles arranged in orbit around the nucleus of an atom

85
Q

Electrosurgery

A

Surgery performed by electrical methods

86
Q

Endocarditis

A

Infection or inflammation of the heart valves or of the lining of the heart

87
Q

Endocrine system

A

A network of ductless glands and other structures that elaborate and secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, affecting the function of specific target organs. Glands of the endocrine system include the thyroid and the parathyroid, anterior pituitary, the posterior pituitary, the pancreas, the suprarenal glands and the gonads. Can affect various processes of the body, such as metabolism, growth, and secretions from other organs

88
Q

Endocrinologist

A

An abnormal gynecological condition in which endometrial tissue grows and attaches itself in various locations in the pelvic cavity

89
Q

Endospore

A

A thick walled spore produced by a bacterium to allow it to survive unfavorable conditions

90
Q

Epidermis

A

The outer most, non vascular layer of the skin consisting of several layers

91
Q

Epilate

A

To extract hair by the roots

92
Q

Epilation

A

Extraction of hair

93
Q

Epilator

A

Generic name for needle type electrolysis device

94
Q

Epilepsy

A

Group of neurological disorders characterized by recurrent episodes of convulsive seizures, sensory disturbances, abnormal behavior, loss of consciousness, or all of these

95
Q

Epithelium

A

The cellular covering of the internal and external organs of the body including the lining of vessels. Consists of cells bound together by connective material and varies in the number of layers and the mind of cells

96
Q

Erythema

A

Redness or inflammation of the skin or mucous membranes that is the result of congestion of superficial capillaries

97
Q

Erythrocyte

A

Red blood cells or corpuscles: function is to transport oxygen

98
Q

Eschar

A

A scab or dry crust resulting from a thermal or chemical burn or infection

99
Q

Estrogen

A

General term for the female sex hormone including estradiol, estrone and estriol; produced in the ovaries (and in small amounts in the testes and adrenals). Estrogen is responsible for the development of secondary sex characteristics

100
Q

Excoriation

A

An injury to the surface of the skin caused by scratching or abrasion

101
Q

Excretion

A

The process of eliminating, shedding, or getting rid of substances from the body; waste matter that is produced by some cells

102
Q

Exogen

A

At the end of the telogen phase of hair growth the hair shaft falls out. Coined in 1998 by Dr Stenn. Considered fourth stage of hair growth

103
Q

Fibrin

A

Insoluble protein that is essential to clotting of blood

104
Q

Fibroblast

A

A connective tissue cell that forms the fibrous tissue of the body

105
Q

Follicle

A

A sac or pouch-like depression or cavity: one of the tubular invaginations of the epidermis enclosing the hairs, and from which the hairs grow.

106
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

Hormone given off by the anterior portion of the pituitary gland that stimulates development of ovarian follicles and secretion of estrogens

107
Q

Freckle

A

Pigmented spot on the skin due to accumulation of melanin resulting from exposure to sunlight

108
Q

Frequency

A

In electricity, the number of cycles per second of alternating current

109
Q

Forceps

A

The instrument used in Electrology treatment to lift the hair from the follicle. Forceps are critical items and require sterilization

110
Q

FSH

A

Follicle stimulating hormone

111
Q

Fungus

A

Simple parasitic plant lacking chlorophyll, true roots, stems and leaves and reproduced by spores. Feed on living or dead organic material

112
Q

Furuncle

A

A boil. Painful nodule generally formed in the hair follicle due to a bacterial infection which is often caused by staphylococci

113
Q

Galvanic current

A

DC electrical current flowing in on direction. The current used in electrolysis which causes a chemical decomposition in the follicle by electrolytic action

114
Q

Germ

A

A pathogenic microorganism. A unit of living matter able to develop into a self sufficient organism, such as a seed, spore, or egg

115
Q

Germicide

A

An agent that kills pathogenic microorganisms

116
Q

Germinativum

A

Deepest layer in epidermis comprised of stratum basale and stratum spinosum. This mitotic layer rests on the dermis and is where epithelial cells and melanocytes are produced

117
Q

Gestational diabetes

A

Diabetes mellitus that begins during pregnancy, typically in the second or third trimester

118
Q

Gland

A

Any one of many organs in the body, comprising specialized cells that secrete or excrete materials not related to their ordinary metabolism. Some glands lubricate while others like the pituitary gland produce hormones

119
Q

Gonads

A

Primary sex glands. Ovary or testis

120
Q

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

A

Hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that stimulates the release of gonadotropin hormone by the anterior pituitary gland. Also stimulates release of the luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) by the anterior pituitary

121
Q

Hair

A

Slender threadlike outgrowth of the skin and scalp. Hair is an appendage of the skin and scalp. Composed of a protein called keratin

122
Q

Hair bulb

A

A thickened club shaped structure which forms the lower part of the hair root. The lower part of the bulb is hollowed out to fit over and cover the hair papilla

123
Q

Hair follicle

A

A tubelike depression or pocket in the skin or scalp that encases the hair. The follicle penetrates from the epidermis to the dermis or subcutis

124
Q

Hair matrix

A

An area where actively dividing cells within the hair bulb produce hair

125
Q

Hair shaft

A

Is the part of the hair that extends above the skin surface

126
Q

Hematoma

A

A collection of blood trapped in the tissues of the skin or in an organ. Usually results from trauma

127
Q

Hemophilia

A

A congenital anomaly characterized by excessive bleeding due to the deficiency of the coagulation factor

128
Q

Hemorrhage

A

Blood loss. Usually used to describe episodes of bleeding that last more than a few minutes, compromise organ or tissue perfusion, or threaten life

129
Q

Henle’s layer

A

The outer layer of cells of the inner root sheath of a hair follicle, lying between the outer root sheath and Huxley’s layer

130
Q

Hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver

131
Q

Heredity

A

Pertaining to a characteristic, condition, or disease transmitted from parent to offspring; inborn; inheredited

132
Q

Hermaphrodite

A

An individual with both male and female sex organs

133
Q

Herpes

A

An inflammatory skin disease, characterized by the formation of small vesicles in clusters; contagious

134
Q

Herpes genitalis

A

An infection caused by type 2 herpes simplex virus (HSV2), usually transmitted by sexual contact: causes painful vesicular eruptions on the skin and mucous membranes of the genitalia of males and females

135
Q

Herpes simplex

A

Acute viral skin disease marked by groups of vesicles on the skin, often on the borders of the lips (cold sores) or on the genitals. Often accompanies fever blisters. Virus can remain dormant in the body for a long time before manifesting. Often flares up at times of stress, illness, or trauma, during menstruation or after excessive sun exposure. Electrolysis may potentially reactivate the virus in susceptible individuals

136
Q

Herpes zoster

A

Shingles. Caused by chicken pox virus. Affects nerves. Can be painful

137
Q

High frequency current

A

Any radio frequency between 3 and 30 megahertz. Thermolysis modality of hair removal in which high frequency energy excites water molecules in base of the follicle causing the generation of heat, thus desiccating (baking) the tissue

138
Q

Hirsutism

A

Presence of terminal hairs in skin where hair growth is considered masculine

139
Q

Hormone

A

Chemical substance produced in the body by an organ which has specific regulatory effect on the activity of a certain organ. Hormones secreted by the endocrine glands are carried through the bloodstream to a specific target organ

140
Q

HSV

A

Herpes simplex virus

141
Q

Huxley’s layer

A

The thickest of the three layers of the inner root sheath of a hair follicle, lying between Henle’s layer and the inner sheath cuticle

142
Q

Hygiene

A

Principles and science of the preservation of health and prevention of disease

143
Q

Hypertrichosis

A

Excessive vellus hair growth

144
Q

Hypertrophy

A

The enlargement or overgrowth of an organ or part due to an increase in size of its constituent cells

145
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Excessive formation of cells

146
Q

Hysterectomy

A

The surgical removal of the uterus

147
Q

Latric hirsutism

A

Excessive hair growth that can be directly attributed to medical drug therapy

148
Q

Idiopathic

A

Self-originating; occurring without known cause

149
Q

Imbrication

A

Overlapping like roof top shingles. The cells of the outer layer of the hair shaft (cuticle) are imbricated

150
Q

Impetigo

A

Bacterial infection of the skin. Fragile, grouped, pinhead vesicles or pustules that become confluent and rupture early, forming rapidly enlarging and spreading erosions with bright yellow crusts that are attached in the center and have elevated margins. Very contagious

151
Q

Infundibulum

A

Upper portion of hair follicle, from the entrance of the sebaceous duct to the skin surface

152
Q

Insulated needle

A

An electrolysis needle that is coated with insulating material, except for the tip

153
Q

Insulin

A

A protein hormone, formed by the beta cells of the islands of the langerhans in the pancreas, and secreted into the blood

154
Q

Isthmus

A

The part of the hair follicle between the point of attachment of the arrector pili muscle and the point of entry of the sebaceous gland

155
Q

Intermediate hair

A

Hair dimension category that is midway between vellus and terminal when measured in terms of coarseness and texture

156
Q

Ion

A

Electrically charged (either positive or negative) atom or groups of atoms

157
Q

Lanugo hair

A

Soft, downy hair covering a normal fetus

158
Q

Layer

A

Sheetlike mass of tissue of nearly uniform thickness, several of which may be superimposed, one above another, as in the epidermis

159
Q

Lentigo

A

Tan or brown macule. Freckle

160
Q

LH

A

Luteinizing hormone

161
Q

Leukocyte

A

White blood cell or corpuscles

162
Q

Leukoderma

A

Acquired condition with localized loss of skin pigmentation owing to any number of specific causes

163
Q

Lipoma

A

A benign tumor usually composed of mature fat cells

164
Q

Luteinizing hormones

A

In females, LH, working together with FSH, stimulates the growing follicle in the ovary to secrete estrogen. High concentrations of estrogen stimulate the release of a surge of LH, which stimulate ovulation

165
Q

Macule

A

A stain, spot, or thickening. Discolored spot on the skin that is not elevated above the surface

166
Q

Medulla

A

Inner most part of the hair shaft and is composed of round cells

167
Q

Megahertz

A

A unit of frequency, equal to one million cycles per second

168
Q

Melanocyte

A

The cell in the basal layer of the epidermis which produces melanin

169
Q

Menorrhagia

A

Excessive uterine bleeding occurring at the regular intervals of menstruation, the period of flow being greater than usual duration

170
Q

Menses

A

The monthly flow of blood and mucosal tissue from the uterus

171
Q

Menstruation

A

In the absence of pregnancy, the cyclic discharging of blood and mucosal tissue from the uterus usually occurring at four week intervals, during the reproductive period of the human female

Electrology (8 decks)

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