General Facts Flashcards
What elements are added in a hydration reaction?
H₂O
What elements are added in a hydrogenation reaction?
H
What elements are added in a hydrogen halide reaction?
Hydrogen plus a halogen, eg. +HBr
What elements are added in a halogenation reaction?
A halogen, eg. +Br₂
What is made in a hydrogenation reaction?
An alkane from an alkene.
What is made in a hydration reaction with an alkane?
An alcohol
Haber process catalyst
Iron
Haber process product
Ammonia
Ostwald process catalyst
Platinum
Ostwald process product
Nitric acid
Cause of acid rain
Gases like CO₂ which form acids
Metal carbonates + acid
Salt + H₂O + CO₂
Metal oxides + acid
Salt + H₂O
Which metals react directly with acids?
Group 1, Mg and Ca
Alkali metal + acids
Salt + H₂O + H₂
Non-metal oxide + water
Acid
Examples of non-metal oxides
NO₂, CO₂ and SO₂
Hydrochloric acid formula
HCl
Sulphuric acid formula
H₂SO₄
Nitric acid formula
HNO₃
Ions in acids
H+
Ions in alkalis
OH⁻
What are the elements essential for plant growth?
N, P and K
How do you convert to degrees Kelvin?
add 273
How does the length of a hydrocarbon relate to solubility?
Shorter = more soluble
What sort of particle is alpha (α) radiation?
A Helium-4 nucleus
What sort of particle is beta (β) radiation?
An electron, ejected from the nucleus
Charge on an alpha particle
+2
Why is Cl smaller than Na?
Cl has a greater nuclear charge > attraction to the outer electrons is greater.
Why is Li smaller than K?
Shielding/screening effect
What is the first ionisation reaction of Sodium?
Na (g) > Na⁺(g) + e⁻
What is the first ionisation of Oxygen?
O(g) > O⁺(g) + e⁻
Why is the second ionisation energy greater than the first?
More p:e > more energy holding electrons
