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Central European Studies > General Exam Info > Flashcards

General Exam Info Flashcards

1
Q

What are the external reasons for Communism?

A

Soviet presence and interference (esp in poland/hungary)

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2
Q

Internal reasons for communism

A
  1. destabilization and deconstruction of pre-war political, economic, and value systems
  2. radicalization - general poverty, violence, migrations
  3. propoganda, nationalism, campaigns
  4. police, blackmail, violence, persecution
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3
Q

How was communist propaganda one of the most developed propaganda systems?

A

Media, post, public opinion, ability to twist bad things into good

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4
Q

Which was the most important country?

A

Poland

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5
Q

Who is Stanislaw Mikolajczyk?

A

Former deputy prime minister of Poland from June 1945 – February 1947

Polish People’s Party

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6
Q

What was the Lublin Committee

A

Provisional government

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7
Q

What was the 1946 Referendum

A

3 questions asked
30%-60% falsifications
Communists take control

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8
Q

When was the Guerrilla War?

A

1947/1948

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9
Q

When were the Hungarian parliament elections?

A

January, 1947
40% - 80% falsifications

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10
Q

What percent of people supported soviet interference in 1947?

A

23%

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11
Q

Belá Kovács

A

Minister of Justice in Hungary from 1953-1954

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12
Q

Zdenek Fierlinger

A

Former Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia from 1944-1946

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13
Q

What and when was the first crisis?

A

1953-1956
Gottwald’s death in March 1953
party reformers, dissatisfaction, general disagreement

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14
Q

When did Stalin die?

A

March 1953

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15
Q

What happened in Czechoslovakia in 1953?

A

President: Zapotocky
Prime Minister: Novotny
Offer/Demand crisis
June 1953: Monetary reform
Currency devalued: 50:1
Wages by 5:1

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16
Q

What happened in Hungary in 1953?

A

Imre Nagy replaces Rákosi

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17
Q

What happened in Poland in 1956?
February, March, June, October

A
  1. February: 20th CPSU Congress where Khrushchev gave secret speech
  2. March: Boleslaw Bierut dies
  3. June: Poznan Uprising
  4. Polish October
  5. Natolin (hardliner) vs Pulawa (Liberal)
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18
Q

Czechoslovakia in 1956

A

Harsh consequences against underground/dissidents

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19
Q

Post-1956 Development

A

-end of transformation
-compromise with the society
-status quo

20
Q

What is collectivization

A

Everything becomes owned by the government
Hungary and Poland mainly affected
Surplus kept by soviet gov’t
Confiscated goods redistributed

21
Q

What was the Iron Curtain?

A

Introduced by Churchill in Sinews of Peace Speech
Boundaries dividing Eastern and Western Bloc

22
Q

Hungary in 1956

A

János Kádár replaces Nagy
Armistice
Suez Conflict

23
Q

What is Goulash Communism?

A

Kádár wanted to create better standards of living
Parallels goulash to mixed ideology of communism

24
Q

Who was Milada Horáková

A

Famous Czech female political prisoner
Opposed communist ideals
June, 1950: hanged after show trial

25
Q

When and What was the Prague Spring?

A

Led by Dubček
Jan 5, 1968 - August 21, 1968
Era of political liberalization and protest, end of censorship

26
Q

Who was Alexander Dubček?

A

First Secretary of the Presidium of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia from 1968-1969
(Slovak version of JFK)

27
Q

What and when was normalization?

A

August 1968 - November 1989
Restoration of conditions before the Prague Spring
Gustav Husak replaces Dubček

28
Q

Samizdat

A

form of dissident activity across the Eastern Bloc in which individuals reproduced censored and underground makeshift publications, often by hand, and passed the documents from reader to reader

29
Q

Name of a communist car

A

Trabant

30
Q

What was the Charter 77

A

informal civic initiative in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic from 1976 to 1992
Listed complaints about communism
Co-Founded by Václav Havel and Jan Patočka

31
Q

What was the year of Martial Law in Poland?

A

December 13th, 1981

32
Q

Who was the leader of Poland under martial law?

A

Wojciech Jaruzelski

33
Q

Leader during the Hungarian Civil War?

A

Mátyás Rákosi
(uprising against his government)

34
Q

What is Solidarnosc / Solidarity

A

Self-Governing Trade Union founded in 1980 at the Lenin Shipyard in Gdansk, Poland

35
Q

Helsinki Final Act

A
  • signed in August 1975 in Finland
  • rejected use of force or intervention in internal affairs and advocated for respect of human rights
  • US, Soviet Union, Canada, and all European nations (except Albania)
36
Q

Lech Walesa

A

Chair of trade union (Leader of Solidarity)
First elected President of Poland after Communism

37
Q

Who was Karol Wojtyla

A

Polish Pope in 1978
(Pope John Paul II)

38
Q

KOR

A

Committee for the Defense of Workers
Established in June, 1976
Anti-communist group

39
Q

Vaclav Havel

A

(1936 - 2011)
Playwrite
Dissident
Political prisoner
President - December 1989

40
Q

Velvet Revolution

A

November 17, 1989 - December 29. 1989
End of one-party power

41
Q

Split of Czechoslovakia

A

January 1993

42
Q

First Soviet Intervention in Hungary

A

October 23, 1956

43
Q

Władysław Gomułka

A

De Facto leader of Poland in 1947-1948, then after Polish October from 1956-1970

Polish style communism

44
Q

Second Soviet Intervention

A

November, 1956

45
Q

When was the Hungarian Uprising against the People’s Republic

A

October - November 1956

46
Q

When and What was the Plžen Riot?

A

May - June 1953
3 days of violent protest against regime

47
Q

Nikita Khrushchev

A

Nikita Khrushchev was the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
1953 to 1964

Central European Studies (3 decks)

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