GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM Flashcards

1
Q

Chemical Equilibrium

A

the concentrations of all reactants and products remain constant with time

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2
Q

The equilibrium of a reaction is determined by:

A
  1. Initial Concentration
  2. Relative Energies of the reactants and products
  3. Relative degree of “organization” or “orientation” of the reactants and products
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3
Q

What is dynamic equilibrium

A

The forward reaction = the reverse reaction

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4
Q

What is true about the initial rate of forward and reverse reaction in a system where only reactants are present?

A

Reactants are forming faster than products

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5
Q

What is true about the rates of forward and reverse reactions at equilibrium?

A

They are the same

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6
Q

Why does equilibrium occur?

A

nature demands balance (Think bonnie from TVD)

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7
Q

The Law of Mass Action

A

expresses the relationship between the concentrations of the reactants and products at equilibrium in any reaction

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8
Q

Equilibrium Constant K

A

the ratio of the forward reaction to the reverse reaction

DOES NOT INCLUDE PURE SOLIDS AND PURE LIQUIDS

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9
Q

The equilibrium expression

A

is the RECIPROCAL of the given reaction

* PRODUCTS OVER REACTANTS**

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10
Q

IF YOU REVERSE AN EQUATION:

A

YOU MUST TAKE THE RECIPROCAL OF K: 1/K

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11
Q

When the balanced equation for a reaction is multiplied by a factor

A

the equilibrium expression K for the new reaction is the original expression raised the power of that factor

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12
Q

The units of K are:

A

Dimensionless because the units cancel out

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13
Q

R =

A

0.0821 L x atm / K x mol

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14
Q

IF K = 1

A

THE REACTION IS AT EQUILIBRIUM

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15
Q

IF K > 1

A

THE REACTION SHIFTS RIGHT AND PRODUCTS ARE FAVORED AT EQUILIBRIUM

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16
Q

IF K < 1

A

THE REACTION SHIFTS LEFT AND THE REACTANTS ARE FAVORED AT EQUILIBRIUM

17
Q

K < Q < 1

18
Q

K = Q = 1

A

EQUILIBRIUM

19
Q

K > Q > 1

A

GOES RIGHT

20
Q

BIG K

21
Q

LITTLE K

22
Q

LeChatelier’s Principle

A

a change in one of the variables that describe a system at equilibrium produces a shift in the position of the equilibrium the counteracts the effect of the change,

23
Q

Change in concentration

A

shift to the opposite side

24
Q

Increase in reactant

A

shift to make product

25
increase in product
shift to make more reactant
26
decrease reactant
shift to make more reactant
27
decrease in product
shift to make more product
28
Change in Pressure
only affects systems having gaseous products and/or reactants
29
increase pressure
shift to side with fewer gas moles
30
decrease pressure
shift to side with more gas moles
31
If same number of moles of gas
changes in pressure does not affect equilibrium
32
Adding inert gas (noble gases)
does not affect equilibrium because the partial pressures of the other gases are not changed. Total pressure increases but individual partial pressures do not change
33
Change in temperature
WATCH WHERE YOU PUT DELTA H IN AN EQUATION!
34
An increase in temp, affects reactions in two different way
EXOTHERMIC: shifts left to reactants ENDOTHERMIC: shifts right to products
35
A decrease in temp
ENDOTHERMIC: SHIFTS LEFT EXOTHERMIC: SHIFTS RIGHT
36
ADDING A CATALYST
does not affect anything | just makes the reaction occur faster
37
Increase in volume
shifts right to products