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Oral Micro And Embryology > General Embryology > Flashcards

General Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of cells in the body

A

Somatic cells

Gamete cells

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2
Q

What are the non-sex cells

A

Somatic cells

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3
Q

T or F

Somatic cells are diploid cells

A

True

Somatic cells have 2 sets of chromosomes, 23 pairs

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4
Q

These are cells that fuse during sex

A

Gametes

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5
Q

Male:sperm
Female:

A

Oocytes

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6
Q

T or F

Gametes are haploid cells

A

True

Gametes ar haploid. They only have 1 copy of chromosome, either female or male.

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7
Q

Female chromosomes, XX or XY?

A

XX

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8
Q

Male chromosomes, XX or XY

A

XY

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9
Q

Sperm and oocyte unite to give rise to?

A

Zygote

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10
Q

Somatic cells multiply by Mitosis, which result to
How many daughter cells?
What type of cells according to number of chromosmes?

A

2, diploid daughter cells

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11
Q

Gametes multiply by Meiosis.
How many daughter cells after meiosis?
Type of cells according to number of chromosomes?

A

4, haploid cells

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12
Q

Gametes are derived from Primordial Germ cells that are formed in the

A

Epiblast during 2nd week

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13
Q

Gametes move through the primitive streak during?

A

Gastrulation

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14
Q

Cells begin to migrate from yolk sac towards developing gonads during what week?

A

4th week

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15
Q

What do you call the preparation for fertilization which includes meiosis to reduce number of chromosomes

A

Gametogenesis

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16
Q

What is cytodifferentation

A

Process done to complete their maturation

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17
Q

Condition where there is excessive number of chromosomes

A

Trisomy

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18
Q

Syndrome when there’s excess number of chromosomes

Example: 47 chromosomes

A

Down syndrome

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19
Q

Condition when there is a lack of number of chromosomes

A

Monosomy

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20
Q

How many chromosomes does turner syndrome has?

A

46 chromosomes

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21
Q

Abnormal number of chromosomes may result to cleft lip/palate with effects such as

A

Facial cleft
Shortened palate
Protruded tongue
Delayed eruption of teeth

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22
Q

Devices made by dentists for patients with cleft lip or palate that allow two cavities to be separated for better speech

A

Obturator

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23
Q

Prenatal development stages?

A

Germinal
Embryonic
Fetal

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24
Q

What stages composes the embryonic stage?

A

Germinal and Embryonic

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25
Prenatal development stage that begins at fertilization and includes cellular perforation and migration. Few congenital effects. Span is 0-2 weeks.
Germinal Stage
26
Prenatal development stage that lasts from 3-8 weeks. It is the most severe and dangerous stage because organ development occurs
Embryonic stage
27
What do you call the zygote that reaches the fetal stage?
Fetus | 9 weeks to birth
28
Commences the formation of a new individual
Zygote
29
Cells that will become smaller with each cleavage division
Blastomere
30
After blastomere, it will become a? | It is a solid ball of 128 cells
Morula
31
Inner cells becomes inner cell mass which becomes?
The embryo proper or embryoblast
32
Outer cells that contribute to placenta and uterine implantation
Trophoblast
33
It is the fluid-filled cavity of a blastocyst
Blastocele
34
Embryoblast will differentiate into two layers
Epiblast | Hypoblast
35
Layer with small cuboidal cells adjacent to the blastocyst cabity
Epiblast
36
Layer with high columnar cells adjacent to the amniotic cavity
Hypoblast
37
Formation of amniotic cavity appears in what layer
Epiblast
38
It is the formation of three germ layers
Gastrulation
39
Gastrulation begins at?
The formation of primitive streak on the surface of the epiblast
40
Narrow groove with slightly bulging regions on either side
Primitive streak
41
Slightly elevated area at the CEPHALIC END surrounding the primitive pit
Primitive Node
42
Epiblast cells will migrate towards streak and slips beneath it
Invagination
43
2 things that happen after invagination
1) invaginated cells displaces hypoblast, forming ENDODERM | 2) other invaginated cells lie between epiblast and endoderm and will form MESODERM
44
Where do cells lie to form MESODERM
Between Epiblast and Endoderm
45
What do you call the remaining cells in the epiblast
Ectoderm
46
It forms at the tip of the notochord and buccopharyngeal membrane. Important in the formation of the forebrain
Prechordal plate or the future mouth
47
It is a membrane that is 2 layered, has no mesoderm, and the future oral cavity. Composed of tightly adherent ectoderm and endoderm.
Buccopharyngeal membrane
48
It came from prenotochordal cells that migrate toward primitive pit to the prechordal plate
Notochord
49
It is the basis of axial skeleton
Notochord
50
Membrane that has no mesoderm and forms atbthe caudal end of the embryonic disc
Cloacal membrane/future anus
51
Formed by the thickening of the ectoderm
Neural plate
52
Lateral edges of the neural plate that becomes elevated by the end of third week
Neural folds
53
Depressed midregion of the neurL plate formed by elevated neural folds
Neural groove
54
Union of neural folds
Neural tube
55
Cells that have the capacity to migrate and differentiate extensively within the embryo
Neural crest cells
56
Fate of the neural crest cell
Brain or the nervous system
57
``` Which germ layer is the origin of Nervous system Epidermis Epithelium Glands Enamel ```
Endoderm
58
Which germ layer is the origin of Muscle Connective tissue
Mesoderm
59
Gastro intestinal tract origin
Endoderm
60
Less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell
Differentation
61
One cell or group of cells changes the behavior of another cell
Induction
62
Ability of cells to respond to inductive signals
Competence
63
Connective tissue in the head
Ectomessenchyme
64
Neural crest cells fails to migrate properly to facial region will result to what syndrome?
Teacher Collin syndrome
65
Primitive mouth
Stomatodeum

Oral Micro And Embryology (4 decks)

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