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Oral Micro And Embryology > General Embryology > Flashcards

General Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of cells in the body

A

Somatic cells

Gamete cells

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2
Q

What are the non-sex cells

A

Somatic cells

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3
Q

T or F

Somatic cells are diploid cells

A

True

Somatic cells have 2 sets of chromosomes, 23 pairs

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4
Q

These are cells that fuse during sex

A

Gametes

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5
Q

Male:sperm
Female:

A

Oocytes

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6
Q

T or F

Gametes are haploid cells

A

True

Gametes ar haploid. They only have 1 copy of chromosome, either female or male.

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7
Q

Female chromosomes, XX or XY?

A

XX

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8
Q

Male chromosomes, XX or XY

A

XY

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9
Q

Sperm and oocyte unite to give rise to?

A

Zygote

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10
Q

Somatic cells multiply by Mitosis, which result to
How many daughter cells?
What type of cells according to number of chromosmes?

A

2, diploid daughter cells

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11
Q

Gametes multiply by Meiosis.
How many daughter cells after meiosis?
Type of cells according to number of chromosomes?

A

4, haploid cells

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12
Q

Gametes are derived from Primordial Germ cells that are formed in the

A

Epiblast during 2nd week

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13
Q

Gametes move through the primitive streak during?

A

Gastrulation

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14
Q

Cells begin to migrate from yolk sac towards developing gonads during what week?

A

4th week

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15
Q

What do you call the preparation for fertilization which includes meiosis to reduce number of chromosomes

A

Gametogenesis

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16
Q

What is cytodifferentation

A

Process done to complete their maturation

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17
Q

Condition where there is excessive number of chromosomes

A

Trisomy

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18
Q

Syndrome when there’s excess number of chromosomes

Example: 47 chromosomes

A

Down syndrome

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19
Q

Condition when there is a lack of number of chromosomes

A

Monosomy

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20
Q

How many chromosomes does turner syndrome has?

A

46 chromosomes

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21
Q

Abnormal number of chromosomes may result to cleft lip/palate with effects such as

A

Facial cleft
Shortened palate
Protruded tongue
Delayed eruption of teeth

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22
Q

Devices made by dentists for patients with cleft lip or palate that allow two cavities to be separated for better speech

A

Obturator

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23
Q

Prenatal development stages?

A

Germinal
Embryonic
Fetal

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24
Q

What stages composes the embryonic stage?

A

Germinal and Embryonic

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25
Q

Prenatal development stage that begins at fertilization and includes cellular perforation and migration. Few congenital effects. Span is 0-2 weeks.

A

Germinal Stage

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26
Q

Prenatal development stage that lasts from 3-8 weeks. It is the most severe and dangerous stage because organ development occurs

A

Embryonic stage

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27
Q

What do you call the zygote that reaches the fetal stage?

A

Fetus

9 weeks to birth

28
Q

Commences the formation of a new individual

A

Zygote

29
Q

Cells that will become smaller with each cleavage division

A

Blastomere

30
Q

After blastomere, it will become a?

It is a solid ball of 128 cells

A

Morula

31
Q

Inner cells becomes inner cell mass which becomes?

A

The embryo proper or embryoblast

32
Q

Outer cells that contribute to placenta and uterine implantation

A

Trophoblast

33
Q

It is the fluid-filled cavity of a blastocyst

A

Blastocele

34
Q

Embryoblast will differentiate into two layers

A

Epiblast

Hypoblast

35
Q

Layer with small cuboidal cells adjacent to the blastocyst cabity

A

Epiblast

36
Q

Layer with high columnar cells adjacent to the amniotic cavity

A

Hypoblast

37
Q

Formation of amniotic cavity appears in what layer

A

Epiblast

38
Q

It is the formation of three germ layers

A

Gastrulation

39
Q

Gastrulation begins at?

A

The formation of primitive streak on the surface of the epiblast

40
Q

Narrow groove with slightly bulging regions on either side

A

Primitive streak

41
Q

Slightly elevated area at the CEPHALIC END surrounding the primitive pit

A

Primitive Node

42
Q

Epiblast cells will migrate towards streak and slips beneath it

A

Invagination

43
Q

2 things that happen after invagination

A

1) invaginated cells displaces hypoblast, forming ENDODERM

2) other invaginated cells lie between epiblast and endoderm and will form MESODERM

44
Q

Where do cells lie to form MESODERM

A

Between Epiblast and Endoderm

45
Q

What do you call the remaining cells in the epiblast

A

Ectoderm

46
Q

It forms at the tip of the notochord and buccopharyngeal membrane.
Important in the formation of the forebrain

A

Prechordal plate or the future mouth

47
Q

It is a membrane that is 2 layered, has no mesoderm, and the future oral cavity.
Composed of tightly adherent ectoderm and endoderm.

A

Buccopharyngeal membrane

48
Q

It came from prenotochordal cells that migrate toward primitive pit to the prechordal plate

A

Notochord

49
Q

It is the basis of axial skeleton

A

Notochord

50
Q

Membrane that has no mesoderm and forms atbthe caudal end of the embryonic disc

A

Cloacal membrane/future anus

51
Q

Formed by the thickening of the ectoderm

A

Neural plate

52
Q

Lateral edges of the neural plate that becomes elevated by the end of third week

A

Neural folds

53
Q

Depressed midregion of the neurL plate formed by elevated neural folds

A

Neural groove

54
Q

Union of neural folds

A

Neural tube

55
Q

Cells that have the capacity to migrate and differentiate extensively within the embryo

A

Neural crest cells

56
Q

Fate of the neural crest cell

A

Brain or the nervous system

57
Q 
Which germ layer is the origin of 
Nervous system 
Epidermis 
Epithelium 
Glands
Enamel
A

Endoderm

58
Q

Which germ layer is the origin of
Muscle
Connective tissue

A

Mesoderm

59
Q

Gastro intestinal tract origin

A

Endoderm

60
Q

Less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell

A

Differentation

61
Q

One cell or group of cells changes the behavior of another cell

A

Induction

62
Q

Ability of cells to respond to inductive signals

A

Competence

63
Q

Connective tissue in the head

A

Ectomessenchyme

64
Q

Neural crest cells fails to migrate properly to facial region will result to what syndrome?

A

Teacher Collin syndrome

65
Q

Primitive mouth

A

Stomatodeum

Oral Micro And Embryology (4 decks)

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