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Oral Biology > General Embryology > Flashcards

General Embryology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

primordium

A

earliest indication of a tissue or an organ during prenatal development

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2
Q

autocrine regulation of growth factors

A

growth factor produced by a cell that recaptures its own products

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3
Q

paracrine regulation of growth factors

A

growth factors synthesized by one cell can diffuse over small distances to induce changes

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4
Q

endocrine regulation of growth factors

A

growth factor produced in one cell travels in the blood to distant locations to act on another cell

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5
Q

hemeobox genes

A

involved in bodily segmentation during embryonic development

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6
Q

what are two results of the primitive streak?

A

germ layer formation and bilateral symmetry

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7
Q

What type of cells invaginate during gastrulation?

A

ectodermal cells

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8
Q

What happens in the transition of epithelial cells to mesenchyme?

A

epithelial cells detach from basement membrane and are able to migrate

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9
Q

neural plate

A

central band of cells from cephalic to caudal end. The neural plate thickens and invaginates to form the neural groove

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10
Q

morula

A

solid ball of cells

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11
Q

blastocyst

A

vesicle that implants in the endometrium

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12
Q

induction

A

one group of cells induces another group of cells to change

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13
Q

proliferation

A

control of cellular growth and accumulation of biproducts

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14
Q

appositional growth

A

tissue enlarges its size by the addition of layers on the outside of a structure

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15
Q

interstitial growth

A

growth the occurs deep within a tissue

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16
Q

differentiation

A

change in embryonic cells to become to become distinct structurally and functionally

17
Q

morphogenesis

A

development of specific tissue structures that lead to increasing complexity of structure and function of cells

18
Q

maturation

A

attainment of adult function and size

19
Q

ectoderm

A

epidermis, epithelium, nervous sytem, mammary and cutaneous glands

20
Q

endoderm

A

respiratory, digestive system lining. live and pancreas

21
Q

mesoderm

A

dermis, muscles, bone, bone, dentin, blood, cementum, cartilage, reproductive and excritory systems

22
Q

HOX genes

A

patterning of body axis and anterior posterior polarity

23
Q

DLX Genes

A

control Proximal and Distal develpment of ectodermal tissues of the branchial arch skeleton

24
Q

what is gastrulation

A

ectodermal cells invaginate. Mesoblast cells form true embroyonic endoderm and mesoderm.

25
Q

mesenchyme

A

loose aggregate of unorganized (nonpolar) cells. Can migrate

26
Q

neural plate

A

central band of cells from cephalic to caudal end. This plate grows and thickens. It becomes deep and invaginates to form the neural groove

27
Q

teratogens

A

environmental factos (drugs, chemical, infections) - involved in congenital malformations

28
Q

tetracycline

A

stains teeth

29
Q

syphalis can casue

A

hutchins incisors or mulburry molars

30
Q

half life of growth factors

A

very short

31
Q

growth factors are what type of molecule?

A

peptides

32
Q

calcium dependant cell adhesion molecules

A

cadherins

33
Q

calcium independant adhesion molecules

A

cam

34
Q

preimplantation period

A

1st week after conception - female ovum is penetrated by sperm and is fertilized = zygote

35
Q

final stages of meiosis occur where

A

during fertilazation, the final stages of meiosis occur in the ovum

36
Q

mitosis produces

A

diploid cells

37
Q

meiosis produces

A

haploid cells

38
Q

normal humans have how many chromosomes?

A

46 (2 haploid cells come together -23 chromosomes each to form a diploid number of 46)

39
Q

down syndrome

A

trisomy 21, estra chromosome 21 is present after meitotic division

Oral Biology (1 decks)

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