general DT Flashcards
What are the 4 types of intellectual property?
- patent
- registered design
- trade mark
- copy right
Which IP can be applied to new, previously undisclosed designs and how long does it last?
- Patent
- lasts 20 years if annual fees are paid
What IP protects the way a product looks and how long does it last?
- Registered design
- lasts 3 years un-registered, 25 years registered (renewed every 5 years)
What IP protects a distinctive design (name, logo, colours shapes etc) and how long does it last?
- Trademark (R)
- registered for 10 years (renewed every 10 years)
What IP protects the expression of an idea, not the idea itself and how long does it last?
- Copyright (C)
- automatic right lasting 70 years after the death of the author
What are the 4 stages of the product life cycle and what are their characteristics?
INTRODUCTION - Low profit, investing in advertising
GROWTH - Sales increase, costs still high but profits increase
MATURITY - Sales and profit at their highest, market is saturated
DECLINE - sales begin to decrease
Define “incremental development”
Extending the life of a product by making small changes to it in hopes of increasing profit again with another ‘growth’ period
Define “project management”
The process of leading a the work of a team to achieve all project goals within the given constraint
Define the term “critical path”
The most important points in the products development that must be met in order to meet deadlines
What are the 4 plastic processes?
- blow moulding
- extrusion
- injection moulding
- vacuum forming
Describe the process of blow moulding
- plastic pellets melted down
- molten plastic extruded through DIE to create a PARISON
- mould clamped around PARISON
- compressed air pushes through BLOWPIN inserted into mould, presses plastic to the mould
- mould cooled and product is released
- product trimmed
What products are blow moulding used for?
plastic bottles (for drinks, cleaning supplies etc) and watering cans
Describe the process of extrusion
- plastic pellets dropped from HOPPER into BARREL
- the ARCHIMEDES SCREW (driven by screw motor) transports the plastic through the barrel where external heaters and friction melt the plastic
- molten plastic forced through the DIE at the end of the barrel and cut into lengths
Describe the process of vacuum forming
- plastic sheet heated to become flexible
- air blown upward into plastic to stretch it
- mould is pushed up into the plastic
- the air is vacuumed from under the plastic, forcing it into the shape of the form
- plastic is cooled, released and trimmed
What are the 5 stages of a risk assessment?
- identify hazard
- who might be harmed and how
- evaluate potential for risk
- record
- review as details change
Why do a risk assessment?
- safer work environment
- employer doesn’t get sued
- reduced staff absence
- better moral at work therefor higher productivity
What are 3 negatives of fossil fuels?
- produces greenhouse gas
- non renewable
- air pollution
What are 3 positives of fossil fuels?
- reliable
- relatively low cost
- readily available
What are 3 negatives of nuclear fuels?
- high initial cost to build
- nuclear waste is damaging
- can be dangerous (Chernobyl)
What are 2 positives of nuclear fuels?
- no CO2 is produced
- reliable
What are 2 positives of solar energy?
- environmentally friendly (no CO2)
- relatively inexpensive
What are 2 negatives of solar energy?
- unreliable (especially where it is not always sunny)
- takes up a lot of space
What are 2 positives of hydro energy?
- environmentally friendly (renewable)
- controllable
What are 2 negatives of hydro energy?
- harmful to wildlife
- expensive to build
What are 2 positives of wind energy?
- environmentally friendly
- renewable
What are 2 negatives of wind energy?
- unreliable (not always strong winds)
- many do not like the look
Define a progressive bundle
production is progressed through a manufacturing line each person manufacturing a stage of the process
what are the positives and negatives of a progressive bundle?
pro
- each person becomes highly skilled at their task, becoming fast and accurate
con
- requires a large workforce
- each person may not see the ‘bigger picture’
Define cell production
a group of people focus on one aspect of the manufacture of a product before passing it on to the next group
What are the positives and negatives of cell production?
pro
- people become skilled in their task
- working as a team (cell) to improve quality
con
- must be highly accurate for final assembly of a product
Define ‘total quality manufacturing’
all members of the organization contribute towards ensuring a high-quality product and improvements in manufacturing techniques
Define ‘product champion’
individual with passion and belief in a product. They are prepared to ‘champion’ the product and ensure it is at the forefront of the minds of investors, business leaders financers and developers
Define entrepreneur
someone with drive to take risks in order to solve business/consumer problems. they have foresight for a product and persuade others to finance it.
What are the benefits of flat pack furniture?
- space saving (environmentally friendly)
- easier to transport with minimal damage
- reduced manufacturing costs
What are the negatives of flat pack furniture?
- can weaken over time (bad for the environment)
- some find assembly difficult
- pieces can be easily lost
What are the stages of making cellulose-based board?
- trees felled
- debarked and chipped
- broken down with ACETIC ACID (lignin bond broken down to make pulp)
- pulp bleached
- internal sizing agent/fillers (alters properties)
- passed through rollers (smooths and dries)
- external sizing agent (for surface quality)
