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NBCE 2 > General Diagnosis > Flashcards

General Diagnosis Flashcards

1
Q

Case history components

A

CC, present & past illness, family/occupational/social Hx, ROS

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2
Q

Vital signs

A

Temp (bacterial: sustained) (viral: spikes), BP (systole 110-140) (diastole 60-90), PP (30-40)

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3
Q

Icterus

A

Jaundice

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4
Q

Cataracts

A

Absent red light reflex, lens opacity

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5
Q

Retinal detachment

A

Absent red light reflex, flashing lights, falling curtain

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6
Q

Intracranial pressure

A

Papilledema

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7
Q

Intraocular pressure

A

Glaucoma

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8
Q

Arcus senilis

A

Insignificant; elderly

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9
Q

Corneal arcus

A

Significant if under 30 yrs

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10
Q

Diabetic retinopathy (eyes)

A

Waxy exudates & microaneurysms

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11
Q

Hypertension (eyes)

A

Flame hg, cotton wool, copper wires

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12
Q

MS & migraines

A

Scintillating scotomas (neuro/vascular)

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13
Q

Drusen/coloboma

A

Normal background abnormalities

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14
Q

Crusty ear discharge

A

Otitis externa, swimmer’s ear

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15
Q

Bulging tympanum

A

Otitis media

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16
Q

Retracted tympanum

A

Serous (bubbly) or altitude

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17
Q

Myringitis (ears)

A

Redness (acute infection)

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18
Q

Black (ears)

A

Perforation

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19
Q

Pearly gray (ears)

A

Normal

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20
Q

Otosclerosis

A

Chalky white eardrum

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21
Q

Sensorineural loss causes

A

Presbycusis, neuroma, Meniere’s

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22
Q

Conduction loss causes

A

Infections, cerumen, otosclerosis

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23
Q

Red (nose)

A

Acute rhinitis

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24
Q

Pale/gray/blue (nose)

A

Allergies & chronic ‘itis’ problems

25
Q

Foul discharge (nose)

A

Foreign object

26
Q

Clear discharge/bloody (nose)

A

CSF

27
Q

Watery unilateral (nose)

A

Cribiform plate fracture

28
Q

Depressed bridge

A

Possible nasal bone fracture

29
Q

Epistaxis

A

Nose bleed

30
Q

Polyp

A

Mass in mucosa

31
Q

Normal nasal mucosa

A

Deep pink with firm turbinates

32
Q

Malignant lymph node

A

Non-mobile, non-tender

33
Q

Benign lymph node

A

Mobile and tender

34
Q

Right sided lymph drainage

A

Collected from right upper torso, limb and head

35
Q

Left sided lymph drainage

A

All left and lower right

36
Q

Pancreatitis vs carcinoma

A

T10, epigastrium, fetal position, alcoholism, ecchymosis/flanks

37
Q

DM (pancreas)

A

Increased insulin –> then none, polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia

38
Q

Pancreas tests

A

FBS & GTT, glycosylated hemoglobin, A1C

39
Q

Type I

A

Juvenile, thin, insulin dependent

40
Q

Type 2

A

Obese, receptor site malfunction

41
Q

Gestational

A

Dangerous

42
Q

Gallbladder

A

Cholecystitis and Cholelithiasis; Murphy’s sign, RUQ pain

Female, multiparous, flatulence, distension, obese, R scapular pain, jaundice & steatorrhea

43
Q

Appendicitis

A

WBC 17500, neutrophilia, schilling’s shift, RLQ
Periumbilical pain –> McBurney’s –> relief with rupture –> peritonitis (Blumberg’s sign = rebound tenderness)
Rovsings (pressure LLQ)
Markle (heel jar)
Psoas test

44
Q

Peptic ulcers (stomach)

A

Gastric, duodenal, barium study, infection, H. pylori

45
Q

Cancer (stomach)

A

Virchow’s node on LEFT, occult blood in stool

46
Q

Gastritis

A

Elderly, alcohol, B12 malabsorption, PLS

47
Q

B12

A

Eat extrinsic factor (aka cyanocobalamin)

Parietal cells in gut secrete HCL and intrinsic factor

48
Q

B12 needed for…

A

RBC maturation and myelination of nerves

49
Q

B12 deficiency

A

Big reticulocytes (immature RBC) and demyelination and sclerosis of nerves

50
Q

B12 pathology

A

Chronic gastritis (diet, proton inhib pump, meds) degrades parietal cells –> no intrinsic factor –> pernicious anemia (reticulocytosis) px pale and fatigued –> posterolateral sclerosis (aka combined systems disease) produces stocking and glove paresthesia

51
Q

Test B12 pathology

A

B12 assay, schillings test, achlorhydria

Treatment: intramuscular injection

52
Q

Diverticulitis (colon)

A

Outpouching; lack of fiber or elderly

53
Q

Cancer (colon)

A

Abrupt constipation, follows polyps

54
Q

Crohn’s

A

Skip lesions, string sign, rectal bleeding

55
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

Stress, bloody diarrhea, megacolon, stool transplant (for microbiota)

56
Q

Obstruction

A

Early: increased

Distal and late: decreased

57
Q

Ascites

A

Fluid in abdomen (puddle sign) indicates organ failure

58
Q

Aborborygmi

A

Listen >5 mins

NBCE 2 (1 decks)

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