General diagnosis

Question 1

Normal temperature range

Answer 1

98.4 to 99.5

Question 2

Causes of fever > 99.5

Answer 2

Drugs, infection, heat stroke, lymphoma

Question 3

Normal pulse range

Answer 3

60-100 BPM

Question 4

Tachycardia

Answer 4

> 100 BPM

Question 5

Causes of tachycardia (5)

Answer 5

drug reaction, fever, panic disorder, hyperthyroidism, severe anemia

Question 6

Bradycardia

Answer 6

<60 BPM

Question 7

Causes of bradycardia (3)

Answer 7

hypothyroidism, athletes heart syndrome, raised intracranial pressure

Question 8

Normal respiratory rate

Answer 8

14-20 breathes/min

Question 9

Tachypnea

Answer 9

> 20 breathes/min

Question 10

Causes of tachypnea (7)

Answer 10

asthma, lung infection, diabetic ketoacidosis, congestive heart failure, emphysema, sarcoidosis, panic disorder

Question 11

Bradypnea

Answer 11

<14 breathes/min

Question 12

Causes of Bradypnea (2)

Answer 12

drug reaction, brainstem compression

Question 13

Blood pressure normal range

Answer 13

fddd

Question 14

Hypertension

Answer 14

> 130/ 80

Question 15

Causes of high Blood pressure

Answer 15

hypertension, Cushing’s syndrome, Conn’s disease, unilateral renal artery disease, hyperthyroidism, pheochromocytoma

Question 16

Causes of low Blood pressure

Answer 16

shock, depression, Addison’s disease

Question 17

Low MCV and MCHC
Iron deficiency
Lead poisoning

Answer 17

Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia

Question 18

Normal MCV and MCHC
Chronic disease

Answer 18

Normocytic Normochromic Anemia

Question 19

High MCV
Folic acid and Vitamin B12 deficiency

Answer 19

Macrocytic Normochromic Anemia

Question 20

High MCV and MCHC
Chronic alcoholism
Hereditary spherocytosis

Answer 20

Macrocytic Hyperchromic Anemia

Question 21

one pupil is dilated and
reacts poorly to light
benign condition
affects young women

Answer 21

Adie’s pupil

Question 22

AKA Prostitute’s pupil
one pupil is small,
reacts poorly to light, but
reacts well to accommodation
Tertiary syphilis; FTA-Abs confirms, VDRL may be (+)
Also seen in multiple sclerosis, SLE, and diabetes mellitus

Answer 22

Argyll Robertson

Question 23

Sudden increase in the intra-ocular pressure
Presents with painful red eye and a hard eye ball
Urgent referral to hospital

Answer 23

Acute glaucoma

Question 24

Gradual increase in the intra-ocular pressure due to excessive production of aqueous humor
Presents with gradual loss of vision in the periphery; tunnel vision

Answer 24

Chronic glaucoma

Question 25

Blue sclera in infants with many fractures

Answer 25

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 26

Enlarged tongue (macroglossia)

Answer 26

Hypothyroidism in infants

Question 27

Gray ring around cornea (arcus senilis)

Answer 27

Hyperlipidemia

Question 28

Ptosis bilateral

Answer 28

Mysathenia gravis, lambert eaton disease

Question 29

Ptosis unilateral

Answer 29

Horner’s syndrome

Question 30

Lid lag

Answer 30

Hyperthyroidism

Question 31

Pupil is small and constricted (miosis)

Answer 31

Horner’s syndrome

Question 32

Tongue (beef red color)

Answer 32

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Question 33

Tongue (magenta color)

Answer 33

Riboflavin deficiency

Question 34

Tongue (pale)

Answer 34

Iron deficiency

Question 35

Yellow sclera

Answer 35

Jaundice

Question 36

Autoimmune disorder caused by antibodies to Ach receptors at NMJ
Commonly seen in middle aged females (85%)
Presents with: BILATERAL ptosis and diplopia
(+) Tension, ice pack, and Ach receptor antibody tests

Answer 36

Myasthenia gravis

Question 37

Caused by overactive thyroid gland with excess production of thyroxin
Presents with: Goiter, Tachycardia, diarrhea, unblinking stare, lid lag, and a fine tremor of outstretched hands
T3 & T4 high
TSH low

Answer 37

Hyperthyroidism