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Information Technology Study Notes 1 > General Definitions > Flashcards

General Definitions Flashcards

To learn and understand common terms used in IT.

1
Q

Address

A

The identification of a particular location in memory where a data item or instruction is stored.

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2
Q

Algorithm

A

A sequence of instructions which rigorously defines a solution to a problem.

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3
Q

Antiglare Screen

A

A polarized screen attached to the front of the monitor, which reduces eye strain.

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4
Q

Assembler

A

A program which converts ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE into MACHINE CODE to be used by a computer.

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5
Q

Automation

A

Computer control of machines and processes.

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6
Q

Backing Storage

A

Memory external to the computer used for storage of large quantities of data or large programs. Backing store is also known as secondary store, auxiliary store or external store.

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7
Q

Bandwidth

A

A characteristic of a communication channel that determines the speed at which data can be transmitted over the channel.

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8
Q

Bar Code

A

A series of thick and thin black bars separated by spaces of varying widths representing data.

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9
Q

Baud

A

A unit of speed in data transmission system which now represents one data signal per second.

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10
Q

BCD

A

BCD is an abbreviation for Binary-Coded-Decimal. In this number system, each digit of a number is written as a BINARY number, rather than converting the whole number. For example, 47 would be coded as 01000111, the binary codes for 4 and 7. Contrast this with 101111, which is the true binary code of 47.

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11
Q

Bistable Device

A

A device which can exist in two discrete stable states.

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12
Q

Bit

A

An acronym for binary digit. It can have a value of 1 or 0.

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13
Q

Blog

A

Short for “Web log”. A blog is an online journal or diary of an individual’s opinions and latest news. It is updated regularly, in chronological order. Many blogs allow visitors to make comments, or “postings” in response to the blogger, or to ask questions.

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14
Q

Broadband

A

A term used to describe a technology that provides bandwidth that is greater than that provided by ordinary telephone lines, that is, greater than 64 kilobits per second. The greater the bandwidth, the greater the data-carrying capacity.

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15
Q

Broadcast

A

The transmission of data to all connected stations simultaneously.

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16
Q

Bulletin Board

A

An electronic equivalent of a conventional bulletin board. It is used as part of a communication network where users can post messages, read messages posted by other users, communicate with the system operator and upload or download programs.

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17
Q

Byte

A

A group of eight bits, usually representing a single character.

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18
Q

CADD

A

Acronym for computer-aided design and drafting. The use of computers and graphics in design and drafting process.

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19
Q

CAM

A

Acronym for computer-aided manufacturing. The use of computers to control machines in the manufacturing process.

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20
Q

Character

A

One of the set of symbols that may be represented in a computer. Characters may be letters, digits, symbols.

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21
Q

Character Codes

A

Binary patters used to represent characters in a computer system.

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22
Q

Compiler

A

A program that translates the source program into executable machine code, and saves the code to a file (the object program) for later execution.

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23
Q

CPU

A

Central Processing Unit

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24
Q

Data Corruption

A

The introduction of errors into data stored in a computer system.

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25
Q

Database

A

A collection of data files that may be used by a number of applications with storage and access to the data controlled by a set of programs known as Database Management System.

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26
Q

Database Management System

A

(DBMS) Programs and database files that allow timely and easy controlled access to data by a number of users.

27
Q

Data Flow Diagram

A

A pictorial representation of a network of processes linked by arrows illustrating the flow of data to and from processes in a system.

28
Q

Decision Table

A

A pictorial representation of program logic illustrating, in the form of a table, the appropriate actions to be taken for each combination of conditions.

29
Q

Direct mode

A

The passing of COMMANDS to the OPERATING SYSTEM without the use of a program. Certain commands such a RUN, SAVE, and LOAD are nearly always used in direct mode by typing the command words on the keyboard then pressing the return key. Interpreted language like BASIC permit a much wider range of direct mode commands.

30
Q

Down-load

A

Process whereby programs or data are transferred via communications channels, from a computer and stored on media located at the user’s computer.

31
Q

Dry-run

A

A manual traversal of the logic of a program.

32
Q

Duplex

A

A transmission system that allows data to be transmitted in both directions at the same time. This system is sometimes called Full Duplex.

33
Q

DVD

A

Digital Video Disk or Digital Versatile Disk. A high-density compact disk for storing large amounts of data, especially high-resolution audio-visual material.

34
Q

EBCDIC

A

An acronym for Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code. The code uses eight binary positions for each character thus allowing a character set of 256 characters.

35
Q

Electronic Mail

A

Mail or messages transmitted electronically by computers via communication channels. It is usual for such messages to be held in a central store for retrieval at the user’s convenience.

36
Q

EPROM

A

Erasable programmable read-only memory. A type of memory chip that can be erased by removing it from the circuit and exposing it to ultraviolet light. The chip can then be reprogrammed.

37
Q

Expert System

A

A software package that acts as a consultant or expert to the user. It is “expert’ in a specialized application or area and provides assistance to the user in solving problems in that area.

38
Q

Feasibility Study

A

In-depth study of an application area for the purpose of establishing whether automation would be cost effective. In general, the expected benefits should exceed the combined cost of installing the computer and developing the system.

39
Q

Field

A

(1) A section of a record containing data relating to one attribute of an entity.

(2) Part of a machine instruction containing an operation or address.

40
Q

Floppy Disk

A

A flexible magnetic coated disk, commonly used with microcomputers, on which data can be stored magnetically.

41
Q

Font Fourth Generation Language (4GL)

A

A family or collection of characters (letters, punctuation marks, numbers and special characters) of a particular size and style.

42
Q

Gigabyte

A

A computer programming language which allows the program to specify “what” is to be achieved rather than “how” it is to be achieved. For example, database languages.

43
Q

Half Duplex

A

A transmission system that allows data to be transmitted in one direction at a time. That is the system can transmit and receive data but not at the same time.

44
Q

Hard Disk

A

A rigid disk used for storing data magnetically. Its rigid construction allows for higher storage densities. Access times for a hard disk are much faster than for floppy disks.

45
Q

Hardware

A

The physical components of a computer system such as the Central Processing Unit (CPU), memory, input, output, and storage devices.

46
Q

Home Page

A

The file available for access at a web site intended chiefly to greet visitors, provide information about the site, and direct them to other sites with related information.

47
Q

HTML

A

Hyper Text Markup Language. A markup language used to structure text and multimedia documents used extensively on the World Wide Web.

48
Q

IDE

A

Acronym for I-Intelligent D-Drive E-Electronics or I-Integrated D-Drive E-Electronics. An IDE interface is an interface for mass storage devices, in which the controller is integrated into the disk or CD-ROM drive.

49
Q

HTTP

A

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol. A protocol used to request and transmit files, especially Web pages and Web page components, over the Internet or other computer network.

50
Q

Immediate Access Storage

A

The memory within the central processor. Also referred to as internal use or main store.

51
Q

Indexing

A

Creating a secondary file which contains pointers to items in an associated database file and allows rapid location of records in the file.

52
Q

Information

A

Meaningful knowledge produced from raw data files.

53
Q

Information Retrieval

A

The process of retrieving specific information from data files.

54
Q

Integrated Package

A

This package combines several applications in a suite of programs. Most of these packages combine a word processor; spreadsheet and database program. Data are shared easily between these integrated programs.

55
Q

Internet

A

The Internet is the largest computer network system in the world. It consists of many smaller networks connected together by a global public network. The Internet is often called the information superhighway or cyberspace.

56
Q

Intranet

A

An intranet is a private network that belongs to an organization, and is designed to be accessible only by the organization’s members, employees, or others with authorization When part of an intranet is made accessible to customers, partners, suppliers, or others outside the company, that part is called an extranet.

57
Q

Interpreter

A

A computer program which interactively translates and executes a source program without permanently storing any executable code.

58
Q

Invoke

A

Process of starting up a program by using its name (or selecting its icon).

59
Q

Joystick

A

An input device that uses a lever to control movement of the cursor or graphic images.

60
Q

Justification

A

This is the adjustment of alignment of one or more lines of text with a particular margin, for example, alignment with the left margin, the right margin or both. The term justification often is used to refer to full justification of the alignment of text along both margins.

61
Q

Keyboarding

A

The process of rapidly and accurately entering data into a computer via the keyboard as an input device.

62
Q

Key-to-disk

A

Keyboard entry of data directly to magnetic disk without previous preparation on another medium.

63
Q

Kilobyte

A

One thousand and Twenty-four bytes.

64
Q

LAN

A

Acronym for Local Area Network. A type of computer network where two or more computers are directly linked within a small area such as a room or building site. A common characteristic of this system is that computers are linked by direct cables rather than by telecommunication lines.

Information Technology Study Notes 1 (2 decks)

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