General Deck Flashcards
Dependency Theory
rejects the limited national focus of modernization theory and emphasizes the importance of understanding the complexity of imperialism and its role in shaping postcolonial states.
Its main tenet is that the periphery of the international economy is being economically exploited (drained) by the centre.
Modernization Theory
once developing societies came into contact with western European and North American societies, they would be impelled toward modernization and, eventually, would achieve the economic, political, and social features characteristic of the nations of western Europe and the United States.
import-substitution industrialization (ISI)
- produce internally manufactured goods for the national market instead of importing them from industrialized countries.
- achieve greater domestic industrial diversification
- export previously protected manufactured goods as economies of scale and low labour costs make domestic costs more competitive in the world market
World Systems Theory
global capitalism is structured into three zones of production – core, periphery and semi-periphery
entire world as a single capitalist world economy based on an international division of labour among a core that developed originally in northwestern Europe a periphery, and a semiperiphery consisting of core regions in decline or peripheries attempting to improve their relative position in the world economy.
division of labour among these regions determined their relationship to each other as well as their type of labour conditions and political system.
Per Capita
Per head of population
Population Density
Average number of people per kilometre
Primary Sector
Farming and extraction of resources e.g. mining and forestry
Secondary Sector
Manufacturing - turning primary goods into consumer goods
Tertiary Sector
Service industry e.g. banking, insurance, education, innovation/research/design
GDP (Gross Domestic Product)
It measures the wealth or income of a country. It is the total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year. Usually expressed in US Dollars
Subsistence Farming
They are very common in rural areas of developing countries. Farmers grow a variety of crops to feed their family. In some cases they may produce a surplus they can store or trade for other crops.
Composite Measures
These measures take into account a number of aspects of a country.
HDI (Human Development Index)
calculated on average income, life expectancy and literacy rate of a country’s population
Economic Indicators
These indicators are related to money, income and production
Social Indicators
These indicators are related to people, such as population, health and education
