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HOSA cultural disparities and diversities > General Culture terms > Flashcards

General Culture terms Flashcards

1
Q

Culturally responsive care

A

care that is centered on the client’s cultural point of view and integrates the client’s values and beliefs in to the plan of care

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2
Q

Culture

A

the thoughts, communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values, and institutions of racial, ethnic, religious, or social groups

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3
Q

Subculture

A

composed of people who have a distinct identity and yet are related to a larger cultural group.

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4
Q

Multiculture

A

used to describe a person who has multiple patterns of ID or crosses several cultures, lifestyles, and sets of values.

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5
Q

Heritage

A

things passed down from previous generations

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6
Q

Diversity

A

the fact or state of being different. Ex: sex, age, culture, ethnicity

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7
Q

Race

A

racial categories should not be interpreted as being primarily biological; it can be social and cultural as well

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8
Q

Ethnicity

A

Identity with or membership in a particular racial, national,or cultural group and observance of that group’s customs, beliefs, and language

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9
Q

Nationality

A

the sovereign state or country where an individual has membership which may be through birth, inheritance, or naturalization

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10
Q

Religion

A

beliefs, practices, and ethical values about divine or superhuman power worshiped as the creator of the universe

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11
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

the belief in the superiority of one’s own culture and lifestyle

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12
Q

Prejudice

A

a preconceived notion or judgement that is not based on sufficient knowledge: favorable or unfavorable

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13
Q

Racism

A

assumptions held about racial groups

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14
Q

Discrimination

A

the negative treatment of individuals or groups on the basis of their race, ethnicity, gender, or other group members

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15
Q

Generalizations

A

statements about common cultural patterns, may nobe true ad the individual level

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16
Q

Stereotyping

A

making the assumption that an individual reflects all characteristics associated with being a member of a group

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17
Q

Health Disparities

A

the differences in care experienced by one population compared with another

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18
Q

Social determinants of health

A

ex: gender, socioeconomic status, employment status, education, food, housing, transportation, racism, and health system access quality

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19
Q

Behavioral determinants of health

A

patterns of overweight and obesity; exercise normas and use of illicit drugs, tobacco, or alcohol

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20
Q

Environmental determinants of health

A

lead exposure, asthma triggers, workplace safety, unsafe or polluted living conditions

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21
Q

Biological and genetic determinants of health

A

family Hx of heart disease and inherited conditions such as hemophilia and cystic fibrosis

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22
Q

health equity

A

the highest possible standard of health for all people, especially those at greatest risk for poor health

23
Q

Acculturation

A

involuntary; process of adapting to and being absorbed into the dominant social culture

24
Q

Assimilation

A

the process by which an individual develops a new cultural Identity

25
Q

Determinants of health

A

Social factors
Physical factors

26
Q

Social factors that determine health

A

Access to education, economic opportunities
Availability and access to health care
Community-based resources, daily living resources (grocery, police), social supports
Public safety, crime rates
Societal norms, supports, attitudes, social conditions

27
Q

Physical factors that determine health

A

Natural environment & including weather/temps
Built environment- buildings, sidewalks, roads
Quality and safety of housing, schools, worksites, transportation
Exposure to physical hazards, pollution, toxic substances

28
Q

Transcultural nursing

A

focuses on providing care within the differences and similarities of the beliefs, values, and patterns of cultures

29
Q

Cultural competence

A

the ongoing process in which the health care professional continuously strives to achieve the ability and availability to work effectively within the cultural context of the patient

30
Q

Population health drivers

A

10% physical environment
10% genes & biology
10% clinical care
30% health behaviors
40% social & economic factors

31
Q

Health Care Disparities

A

Differences in prevalence of health insurance; access to health care; quality of health care

32
Q

Traditional

A

those customs, beliefs, or practices that have existed for many generations without changing

33
Q

U.S. Dept of Health and Human Services:Healthy People Goals:

A

Healthy People 2030’s overarching goals are to: Attain healthy, thriving lives and well-being free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death.

34
Q

Equality

A

sameness: promotes fairness and justice by giving everyone the same thing; only works if everyone starts at the same place

35
Q

Equity

A

Fairness: making sure people get access to the same opportunities; first ensure equity before enjoying equality

36
Q

National Prevention Strategy for Eliminating Health Disparities

A

Ensure a focus on communities at greatest risk.
Reduce disparities in access to quality health care.
Increase capacity of the health care workforce to identify and address disparities.
Support research to identify effective strategies to eliminate health disparities and develop patient-centered interventions and outcomes
Standardize and collect data to better identify and address disparities.

37
Q

Xenophobia

A

a morbid fear of strangers

38
Q

Xenophobe

A

a person unduly fearful or contemptuous of strangers or foreigners, especially as reflected in his or her political or cultural views

39
Q

General examples of the influences religion have on health practices:

A
  1. Meditating
  2. Being vaccinated
  3. Being willing to have the body examined
  4. Maintaining family viability
  5. Hoping for recovery
  6. Coping with stress
  7. Caring for children.
40
Q

Socialization

A

process of being raised within an culture and acquiring the characteristics of that group

41
Q

Decade of birth

A

People’s life experiences vary greatly, depending on the events of the decades in which they were born and the
cultural values and norms of the times. People who tend to be heritage
consistent—that is, have a high level of identification and association
with a traditional heritage—tend to be less caught up in the secular
fads of the time and popular sociocultural events.

42
Q

Generation of birth

A

Worldviews differ greatly between the
immigrant generation and subsequent generations, and people who
score high as heritage consistent and mainstream people who may score
low on the heritage consistency assessment and have been born into
families who have resided in the United States for multiple generations.

43
Q

Class

A

Social class is an important factor. The analysis of one’s education, economics, and background is an important observation of
people. There are countless differences among people predicated on
class.

44
Q

Language

A

There are frequent misunderstandings, as discussed in Chapter 1, when people who do not understand English must help
and care for or take direction from English speakers. There are also
countless conflicts when people who are hard of hearing attempt to
understand people with limited English-speaking skills, and many
cultural and social misunderstandings can develop

45
Q

Time Orientation

A

The viewing of time in the present, past, or future varies among cultural groups.
Certain cultures in the United States and Canada tend to be future-oriented.
People who are future-oriented are concerned with long-range goals and with
healthcare measures in the present to prevent the occurrence of illness in the
future. Others are oriented more to the present than the future and may be
late for appointments because they are less concerned about planning to be on
time. This difference in time orientation may become necessary in healthcare
measures such as long-term planning and explanations of medication schedules.

46
Q

Space

A

Personal space refers to people’s behaviors and attitudes toward the space around
themselves. Territoriality is the behavior and attitude people exhibit about an
area they have claimed and defend or react emotionally to when others encroach
on it. Both personal space and territoriality are influenced by culture, and thus
different ethnocultural groups have varying norms related to the use of space.

47
Q

Communication

A

Communication differences present themselves in many ways, including language differences, verbal and nonverbal behaviors, and silence. Language differences are possibly the most important obstacle to providing multicultural health care because they affect all stages of the patient-caregiver relationship.

48
Q

Social Organization

A

The social environment in which people grow up and live plays an essential role
in their cultural development and identification. Children learn their culture’s responses to life events from the family and its ethnoreligious group. This socialization
process is an inherent part of heritage—cultural, religious, and ethnic background.

49
Q

Biological variations

A

The several ways in which people from one cultural group differ biologically (i.e.,
physically and genetically) from members of other cultural groups constitute their biological variations; for example, body build and structure, including specific bone
and structural differences between groups, such as the smaller stature of Asians and
skin color, including variations in tone, texture, healing abilities, and hair follicles.

50
Q

Environmental control

A

Environmental control is the ability of members of a particular cultural group
to plan activities that control nature or direct environmental factors. Included
in this concept are the complex systems of traditional health and illness beliefs,
the practice of folk medicine, and the use of traditional healers.

51
Q

Naturalization

A

process by which United States citizenship is conferred upon foreign citizens or nationals
after fulfilling the requirements established by Congress

52
Q

Medicaid

A

Provides payments to health care
providers in full or in a co-pay for
eligible low-income families and
individuals, and for long-term care
to those eligible who are aged or
disabled

53
Q

Income may be related to
health because…

A

increases access to health care
■ enables the person or family to live in a better neighborhood;
■ enables the person or family to afford better housing;
■ enables the person or family to reside in locations not abutting known
environmentally degraded locations (heavy industrial pollution or
known hazardous waste sites); and
■ increases the opportunity to engage in health-promoting behaviors.

HOSA cultural disparities and diversities (2 decks)

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