General Content Flashcards
1
Q
What is avascular necrosis (or osteonecrosis) and what bone does it usually affect?
A
When the blood supply to the end of a bone is disrupted (either temporarily or permanently), which can then lead to the death of bone tissue. Patient may experience pain in the affected joint and reduced function
Most commonly seen in the femoral head.
2
Q
What are the main risk factors for avascular necrosis?
A
- Bone fracture
- Joint dislocation
- Alcoholism
- High-dose steroid treatment
- Chemotherapy
3
Q
What conditions increase the risk of avascular necrosis?
A
- Lymphoma
- Lupus
- Leukaemia
- HIV
- Sickle cell anaemia
- Pancreatitis
- Caisson disease
4
Q
What class of drugs are associated with osteonecrosis of the mandible?
A
Bisphosphonates
5
Q
What imaging techniques can be used to look for avascular necrosis?
A
- Xray
- MRI
- Bone scan
6
Q
How does avascular necrosis appear when imaged in its early stages?
A
Usually appears normal, although osteopenia and micro fractures may also be visible.
