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MSK exam 1 AP > General concepts of the nervous system > Flashcards

General concepts of the nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

gray matter

A

nerve cell bodies lie within this

looks like an H

CELLULAR

divided into horns

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2
Q

white matter

A

interconnecting fiber tract systems

FIBER nature

funculi

anterior (ascending/descending motor tracks, pain and temperature tracks that ascend)
lateral (same as anterior)
posterior (sensory info from all areas of the body below the head taken up to areas of the brain)

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3
Q

afferent

A

sensory

toward CNS

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4
Q

efferent

A

motor

from the CNS

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5
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves

A

31

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6
Q

how many thoracic nerves

A

12

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7
Q

how many cervical pairs

A

8

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8
Q

how many lumbar nerves

A

5

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9
Q

how many sacral

A

5

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10
Q

how many coccygeal nerves

A

1

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11
Q

NOTE: a ganglion exists on the dorsal root, which contains what?

A

the cells bodies of all the afferent sensory fibers, except for vagal afferents, below the level of the head

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12
Q

where does the first spinal nerve exit?

A

between the skull and CV1

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13
Q

how are spinal nerves numbered and where do they exit?

A

exit intervertebral foramina EXCEPT for in the cervical region

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14
Q

mixed nerve

A

motor and sensory formed at the junction of a dorsal and ventral root

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15
Q

dorsal root ganglion

A

is a nodule on a dorsal root of the spine that contains cell bodies of nerve cells (neurons) that carry signals from sensory organs toward the appropriate integration center.

nucleus-group of cell bodies found within the central nervous system

ganglion- nerve cell bodies located outside the CNS

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16
Q

dermatone

A

the unilateral area of skin innervated by the sensory fibers of a single spinal nerve

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17
Q

central nervous system

A

brain and spinal cord

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18
Q

PNS

A

12 cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves

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19
Q

lateral horn

A

“column”

discontinuous

found from C8 to L2 and picks up again at L2-3,4

gives rise to autonomic (parasympathetic and sympathetic) nerve fibers (not under our control)

20
Q

anterior horn

A

ventral

filled with cells that are motor cells that go to all muscles of your body

selectively stimulate one of these, a muscle would twitch

21
Q

posterior horn

A

cell bodies that give rise to fibers that communicate with other areas

22
Q

rootlets

A

coalesce to form root

which eventually form a single spinal nerve

23
Q

spinal nerve

A

where dorsal and ventral roots come together ***

short entity (1 cm in length)

bifurcates and forms dorsal ramus and ventral ramus (larger)

24
Q

are spinal cord segments and spinal column segments different? Do they correspond?

A

yes
and
no b.c the spinal cord does not span the entire length of the spinal column ***

spinal column segments–> vertebra

so if a T12 vertebra was crushed it would be effecting the lumbar spinal cord segments

25
Q

spinal cord segment gives rise to …

A

rootlets –> roots–> spinal nerve–> bifurcate and form dorsal and ventral ramus

which will coalesce to form single spinal nerve

26
Q

pseudounipolar sensory neuron

A

has both peripheral process (conducting impulses from the receptor organ) toward the cell body

and a central process (continues from the cell body into the CNS)

these are part of the PNS

brings in sensation information

their cell body sits in the dorsal root ganglion
central fibers come in a synapse will cell in the posterior horn

27
Q

is there any part of your body that will not feel sensation ?

A

NO

nerves that go to all parts of your body have both sensory and motor components (mixed nerves)

so dorsal and ventral ramus are also mixed nerves!***

28
Q

3 things that dorsal rami innervate

A

skin of the back

deep back muscles

zygopathoseal facet joints of back (joints of the spine)

29
Q

ventral primary ramus

A

forms all the somatic nerve plexuses of the body

innervate ventral torso

30
Q

somatic plexus

A

cervical

brachial

lumbosacral

31
Q

fibers within spinal nerves

A

General somatic afferent
General visceral afferent
General somatic efferent
general visceral efferent

32
Q

peripheral visceral structures?

A

you have visceral structures all over (so even a sweat gland is visceral structure out in the periphery, so not just in the gut)

errector pili organ
vessel
sweat gland

33
Q

exteroreceptor

A

bringing things in to the CNS

34
Q

interoreceptors

A

proprioceptive -understand and feel limbs in a certain position without looking at it

35
Q

all of the visceral afferents or somatic afferents all have their cell bodies where? GSA’s and GVA’s

A

in the dorsal root ganglion

so if asked where you find cell bodies that are responsible for innervating the cutaneous areas of the skin, they are found in the dorsal root ganglion

36
Q

the only spinal nerve that has reduced or absent dorsal root ganglion is…

A

spinal nerve C1

-has to do with development

37
Q

anterior horn

A

where all the motor neurons (cell bodies) sit for all the skeletal muscles in the entire body below the head

38
Q

general somatic afferent

A

transmit sensations from the body to the CNS

(transmit info from skeletal muscles, tendons, and joint capsules and from the outside of the boyd concerning pain, touch, and temp)

39
Q

general somatic efferent

A

transmit impulses to skeletal muscles

40
Q

general visceral afferent

A

transmit pain or subconscious visceral reflex sensations (distention, blood gas) from hollow organs and blood vessels to the CNS

41
Q

general visceral efferent

A

transmit impulses to smooth muscle and glandular tissue

innvervate smooth muscles, cardiac muscle, and glands

autonomic

42
Q

plexus formation comes from

A

following targets out periphery

43
Q

two things about brachial plexuses

A

the fibers of a single spinal nerve entering the plexus are distributed to multiple branches of the plexus (one spinal nerve contributing fibers to many different peripheral nerves)

the peripheral nerves derived from the plexus contain fibers from multiple spinal nerves (one peripheral nerve distributing sensory fibers to many different spinal nerves)

44
Q

posterior (primary) rami of spinal nerves

A

supply nerve fibers to the synovial joints of the vertebral column, deep muscles of the back and the overlying skin in a segmental pattern

as a general rule the posterior rami remain separate from each other (do not merge to form major somatic nerve plexuses)

45
Q

dermatomal map

A

distribution of a single spinal nerve
-gives you spinal origin

no C5 in the trunk

46
Q

difference between dermatone and peripheral nerve

A

area of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve

peripheral nerves may have several spinal nerves in them

  • peripheral nerve delivers innervations to dermatones
  • gives nervous origin that has many spinal levels within it
47
Q

1 place that is a 1 to 1 correlation (of innervation of the skin by a single spinal nerve)

A

independent intercostal nerves

MSK exam 1 AP (7 decks)

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