General Concepts Lesson 1 Flashcards
Define anatomy
The study of normal body structure
Define pathoanatomy
The study of abnormal body structure
Microscopic Anatomy
Study with microscope, including cytology or cell biology ( study of cells ) and histology ( study of tissues)
Define integumentary system
Covering of the body such a skin hair and nails etc.
Define skeletal system
The bodies framework such as bones cartilages joints etc.
Define muscular system
Body movement, such as skeletal muscles, )
(tendons connecting muscle to bone ,while ligaments connect on the phone)
Define nervous system
Controlling system including central nervous system a.k.a. brain and spinal cord and peripheral nervous system (cranial in spinal nerves)
Define endocrine system
Controlling system, including endocrine glands, such as pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, etc.
Define circulatory system
Blood and lymph circulation including cardiovascular system and lymphatic system
Define respiratory
Exchange respiratory gases including those Lara Knicks trachea lungs etc.
Define digestive system
Digestion absorption and elimination including mouth oesophagus stomach intestines etc.
Define urinary system
Production, transportation, and excretion of urine, including kidneys, your readers, urinary bladder, urethra, etc.
Define reproductive system
Reproduction, including testes, ovaries, genital track, etc. 
Define superior
Superior is above or upper
Define inferior
Inferior is below or lower
Define anterior
Is toward the front
Define posterior
Toward the back
Define interior
Is inside
Define exterior
Is outside
Define medial
is toward the centre or midline
Define lateral
Away from the centre or midline of the body
Ventral
Toward the abdomen
Dorsal
Toward the back
Cephalic
Toward the head
Caudal
Toward the tail(feet)
Proximal
Close to the body origin
Distal
Away from the body Origin
Supine
Laying on the back face up
Prone
Laying on chest face down
Palmar
Toward the palm
Plantar
Toward the sole
Superficial
Toward the body surface
Deep
Toward the inside of the body
What is a closed cavity
Has no communication with external environment
What is a dorsal cavity
A closed cavity that includes the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity
What is a ventral cavity
Includes the thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity
What is the thoracic cavity
Is contains the pleural cavity that house the lungs and the pericardial cavity that houses the heart
What is the open cavity
Has communication with external environment such as oral cavity, nasal cavity, eye orbit , ear canal, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracks.
What is a wet membrane
Body membrane that is kept continuously wet
What is the mucus membrane or mucosa
Secretes sticky fluid or mucus for protection, found in the inside lining of hollow organs( open cavity lining)
What is the serous membrane or serosa
Secretes clear watery fluid for lubrication found on the outside covering of visceral ( deep/ inward) organs ( closed cavity lining)
What is the synovial membrane
Secretes synovial fluid to lubricate synovial joint cavities against bone friction( lining in joints)
What is a dry membrane
Are cutaneous membranes or skin, fluids on skin surface actually come from structures beneath the skin such as sweat and oily glands
What is a body membrane
Are thin sheets of tissue that cover the body , line body cavities, and cover organs within the cavities in hollow organs.
What is in the epigastric region / where is it located?
Stomach and pancreas, located superior medial of abdomen
What is the unbelievable region where is it located ?
Is the small intestine located medial of the abdomen
What is in the hypogastric (pubic) region. And where is it located
Includes the urinary bladder and uterus. Located inferior medial abdomen.
What is in the right hypochondriac and where is it located
Includes the liver and is located in the left side below the ribs
What is included in the left hypochondriac and where is it located
The spleen is included and is located on the left side below the ribs
What is included in the left and right lumbar and where is it located
Kidneys are included, located on left and right medial of abdomen
What is included in the right iliac or inhumanly and where is it located
Included is The appendix and located inferior to the abdomen to the right
What is included in the left iliac/ inguinal region and where is it located
Sigmoid colon is included. Located inferior to the abdomen to the left
