General Coding

Question 1

Statically Typed Languages

Answer 1

The type of variable is known at compile time.

• You must declare the type of each variable explicitly and the type info is checked during compilation

Ex: Java, C++, C#, Swift, Rust, Go

Question 2

Pros: Static Typed Languages

Answer 2

• Type checking: reduces runtime errors and improves code reliability
• Performance: Leads to optimizations during compilation
• Clarity

Question 3

Dynamically Typed Languages

Answer 3

The type of variable is determined at runtime.

• You don’t need to declare types explicitly. The language inverse the type based on value assigned

Ex: Python, JS, Ruby

Question 4

Pros: Dynamic Typed Languages

Answer 4

• Flexibility: variable types can at runtime
• Less boilerplate
• Ease of use

Question 5

Weakly Typed Languages

Answer 5

More flexible approach to type conversions, often performing implicit conversions between types

Languages: JS, PHP

Ex: implicit conversion of number to string

Let number = 10
let text = “the number is “ + number

Question 6

Compile Time

Answer 6

A programs source code is translated into machine code/executable code

• Before the program is executed

Compiler checks for
1. Syntax and type checking which must be resolved before the program can run
2. Optimization
3. Code generation (executable code or byte code from the source code which is then ready to be executed by computer)

Question 7

Runtime

Answer 7

When a compiled program is actually executed by the computer

• When a programs code is run and the program interacts with user

Key Characteristics
1. Programs instructions are executed by the CPU
2. Dynamic behavior occurs like memory allocation, dynamic typing, user input handling. Errors not caught at compile time are found here

Question 8

Source file

Answer 8

Contains human readable code written in a programming language

• The starting point for creating executable programs or other outputs