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CHEM 1570: Intro to Organic and Biological Chemistry > General Chemistry Review > Flashcards

General Chemistry Review Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an atom?

A

Consisting of a dense nucleus:
-positively charged protons
-uncharged neutrons
And a negatively charged electron cloud

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2
Q

What is the charge of an atom?

A

Neutral

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3
Q

What is the charge of protons?

A

Positive

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4
Q

What is the charge of neutrons?

A

Neutral

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5
Q

What is the charge of electrons?

A

Negative

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6
Q

What is located in the nucleus of an atom?

A
  • Protons
  • Neutrons
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7
Q

Where are electrons located?

A

Electrons are located outside the nucleus in the electron cloud.

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8
Q

What is an ion?

A

An ion refers to an atom or a molecule w/ either a negative or positive net electrical charge due to the loss or gain of electrons.

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9
Q

What are the two types of ions?

A
  • Cation
  • Anion
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10
Q

What is a cation?

A

A cation is an ion with a positive charge.

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11
Q

What is an anion?

A

An anion is an ion with a negative charge.

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12
Q

How are ions created?

A

Ions are created by either adding or removing electrons

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13
Q

What are valence electrons?

A

Valence electrons are the electrons located in the outermost electron shell

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14
Q

What is the electron shell?

A

The electron shell is the orbit the electrons travel in the electron cloud around the nucleus.

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15
Q

How many electrons can fill the valence electrons shell?

A

8 electrons

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16
Q

Why is the valence electron shell important?

A

The valence electron shell is the only shell used for bonding.

17
Q

What is the difference between a filled and unfilled valence electron shell?

A

A filled valence electron shell is more stable than an unfilled electron shell.

18
Q

How are ionic bonds formed?

A

Ionic bonds are formed when ions of the opposite charge attract and form ionic bonds.

19
Q

What are covalent bonds?

A

Covalent bonds are the sharing of electrons due to the difference in electronegativity.

*The atom w/ the higher electronegativity will pull the electrons of the atom w/ the lower electronegativity towards it, causing the atoms to share electrons.

20
Q

How many valence electrons does C (Carbon) have?

A

4
*6 in total- 2 in the first shell, 4 in the valence electron shell.

21
Q

What makes the C (Carbon) atom special?

A
  • Long chains
  • Branched chains
  • Multiple bonds
  • Different geometric shapes for a compound while maintaining the same connections
  • Bonding to different atoms

CHEM 1570: Intro to Organic and Biological Chemistry (4 decks)

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